Bootstrap copied BFF and local accounts with public Sendico contracts (#34)

backend/pkg/auth/anyobject/anyobject.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package anyobject
+
+const ID = "*"

backend/pkg/auth/archivable.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// ArchivableDB implements archive operations with permission checking
+type ArchivableDB[T model.PermissionBoundStorable] interface {
+	// SetArchived sets the archived status of an entity with permission checking
+	SetArchived(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, archived bool) error
+	// IsArchived checks if an entity is archived with permission checking
+	IsArchived(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) (bool, error)
+
+	// Archive archives an entity with permission checking (sets archived to true)
+	Archive(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error
+
+	// Unarchive unarchives an entity with permission checking (sets archived to false)
+	Unarchive(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error
+}
+
+// NewArchivableDB creates a new auth.ArchivableDB instance
+func NewArchivableDB[T model.PermissionBoundStorable](
+	dbImp *template.DBImp[T],
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	createEmpty func() T,
+	getArchivable func(T) model.Archivable,
+) ArchivableDB[T] {
+	return newArchivableDBImp(dbImp, logger, enforcer, createEmpty, getArchivable)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/archivableimp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// ArchivableDB implements archive operations with permission checking
+type ArchivableDBImp[T model.PermissionBoundStorable] struct {
+	dbImp         *template.DBImp[T]
+	logger        mlogger.Logger
+	enforcer      Enforcer
+	createEmpty   func() T
+	getArchivable func(T) model.Archivable
+}
+
+// NewArchivableDB creates a new auth.ArchivableDB instance
+func newArchivableDBImp[T model.PermissionBoundStorable](
+	dbImp *template.DBImp[T],
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	createEmpty func() T,
+	getArchivable func(T) model.Archivable,
+) ArchivableDB[T] {
+	return &ArchivableDBImp[T]{
+		dbImp:         dbImp,
+		logger:        logger.Named("archivable"),
+		enforcer:      enforcer,
+		createEmpty:   createEmpty,
+		getArchivable: getArchivable,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetArchived sets the archived status of an entity with permission checking
+func (db *ArchivableDBImp[T]) SetArchived(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, archived bool) error {
+	// Check permissions using enforceObject helper
+	if err := enforceObjectByRef(ctx, db.dbImp, db.enforcer, model.ActionUpdate, accountRef, objectRef); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to enforce object permission", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Bool("archived", archived))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Get the object to check current archived status
+	obj := db.createEmpty()
+	if err := db.dbImp.Get(ctx, objectRef, obj); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to get object for setting archived status", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Bool("archived", archived))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Extract archivable from the object
+	archivable := db.getArchivable(obj)
+	currentArchived := archivable.IsArchived()
+	if currentArchived == archived {
+		db.logger.Debug("No change needed - same archived status", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Bool("archived", archived))
+		return nil // No change needed
+	}
+
+	// Set the archived status
+	patch := repository.Patch().Set(repository.IsArchivedField(), archived)
+	if err := db.dbImp.Patch(ctx, objectRef, patch); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to set archived status on object", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Bool("archived", archived))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.logger.Debug("Successfully set archived status on object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Bool("archived", archived))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IsArchived checks if an entity is archived with permission checking
+func (db *ArchivableDBImp[T]) IsArchived(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) (bool, error) {
+	// // Check permissions using single Enforce
+	if err := enforceObjectByRef(ctx, db.dbImp, db.enforcer, model.ActionRead, accountRef, objectRef); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Debug("Permission denied for checking archived status", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(model.ActionRead)))
+		return false, merrors.AccessDenied("read", "object", objectRef)
+	}
+	obj := db.createEmpty()
+	if err := db.dbImp.Get(ctx, objectRef, obj); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to get object for checking archived status", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return false, err
+	}
+	archivable := db.getArchivable(obj)
+	return archivable.IsArchived(), nil
+}
+
+// Archive archives an entity with permission checking (sets archived to true)
+func (db *ArchivableDBImp[T]) Archive(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	return db.SetArchived(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, true)
+}
+
+// Unarchive unarchives an entity with permission checking (sets archived to false)
+func (db *ArchivableDBImp[T]) Unarchive(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	return db.SetArchived(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, false)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/authorizer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type MembershipChecker interface {
+	IsMember(ctx context.Context, orgRef, callerRef bson.ObjectID) (bool, error)
+}
+
+type ScopedAuthorizer struct {
+	// Logger receives Debug/Warn messages from the enforcement path.
+	Logger     mlogger.Logger
+	Membership MembershipChecker
+	Enforcer   Enforcer
+}
+
+// NewScopedAuthorizer constructs a ScopedAuthorizer and validates required dependencies.
+// Logger defaults to zap.NewNop() if nil.
+func NewScopedAuthorizer(membership MembershipChecker, enforcer Enforcer, logger mlogger.Logger) *ScopedAuthorizer {
+	if membership == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedAuthorizer: MembershipChecker must not be nil")
+	}
+	if enforcer == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedAuthorizer: Enforcer must not be nil")
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = zap.NewNop()
+	}
+	return &ScopedAuthorizer{
+		Logger:     logger,
+		Membership: membership,
+		Enforcer:   enforcer,
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *ScopedAuthorizer) Authorize(ctx context.Context, p ScopedAccessParams) error {
+	a.Logger.Debug("scoped access check started",
+		mzap.AccRef(p.CallerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", p.ObjectRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(p.OrgRef), zap.String("action", string(p.Action)))
+
+	// Personal resources are guarded by ownership alone — membership is not consulted.
+	// Checking membership first would lock the owner out after org membership is revoked.
+	if p.OwnerKind == model.OwnerKindAccount {
+		err := enforceOwnershipAccess(ctx, a.Enforcer, p)
+		if err != nil && errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			a.Logger.Debug("access denied: not the owner",
+				mzap.AccRef(p.CallerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", p.ObjectRef),
+				zap.String("action", string(p.Action)))
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ok, err := a.Membership.IsMember(ctx, p.OrgRef, p.CallerRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		a.Logger.Warn("membership check failed",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(p.CallerRef), mzap.OrgRef(p.OrgRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		a.Logger.Debug("access denied: caller is not a member of the organization",
+			mzap.AccRef(p.CallerRef), mzap.OrgRef(p.OrgRef), zap.String("action", string(p.Action)))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(p.Service, string(p.Action), p.ObjectRef)
+	}
+
+	err = enforceOwnershipAccess(ctx, a.Enforcer, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			a.Logger.Debug("access denied",
+				mzap.AccRef(p.CallerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", p.ObjectRef),
+				mzap.OrgRef(p.OrgRef), zap.String("action", string(p.Action)))
+		} else {
+			a.Logger.Warn("enforcer returned error during scoped access check",
+				zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(p.CallerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", p.ObjectRef),
+				zap.String("action", string(p.Action)))
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}

backend/pkg/auth/authorizer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type fakeMembershipChecker struct {
+	isMember bool
+	err      error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMembershipChecker) IsMember(_ context.Context, _, _ bson.ObjectID) (bool, error) {
+	return f.isMember, f.err
+}
+
+func TestScopedAuthorizer_Authorize(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	other := bson.NewObjectID()
+	org := bson.NewObjectID()
+	object := bson.NewObjectID()
+	policy := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	base := func(kind model.OwnerKind, owner bson.ObjectID) ScopedAccessParams {
+		return ScopedAccessParams{
+			Service:   mservice.Recipients,
+			PolicyRef: policy,
+			CallerRef: caller,
+			OrgRef:    org,
+			ObjectRef: object,
+			OwnerKind: kind,
+			OwnerRef:  owner,
+			Action:    model.ActionRead,
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("membership checker error propagates for org-owned resource and is not masked as denied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		boom := merrors.Define("checker down")
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{err: boom},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{},
+		}
+		err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org))
+		if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected underlying error, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatal("checker error must not be reported as access denied")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-member owning account-owned resource is allowed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: false},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{},
+		}
+		if err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindAccount, caller)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected allow for personal resource owner regardless of membership, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-member is denied for org-owned resource", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: false},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{allow: true},
+		}
+		err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org))
+		if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected access denied for non-member on org resource, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("member owning account-owned resource is allowed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: true},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{},
+		}
+		if err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindAccount, caller)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected allow, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("member accessing another account's resource is denied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: true},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{},
+		}
+		err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindAccount, other))
+		if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("member with org-owned resource allowed when enforcer approves", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: true},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{allow: true},
+		}
+		if err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected allow, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("member with org-owned resource denied when enforcer refuses", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: true},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{allow: false},
+		}
+		err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org))
+		if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("enforcer error propagates and is not masked as denied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		boom := merrors.Define("policy backend down")
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: true},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{err: boom},
+		}
+		err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org))
+		if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected underlying error, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatal("enforcer error must not be reported as access denied")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown owner kind is denied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &ScopedAuthorizer{Logger: zap.NewNop(),
+			Membership: &fakeMembershipChecker{isMember: true},
+			Enforcer:   &fakeEnforcer{allow: true},
+		}
+		err := a.Authorize(context.Background(), base(model.OwnerKind("garbage"), caller))
+		if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected access denied for unknown owner kind, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}

backend/pkg/auth/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package auth
+
+import "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+
+type EnforcerType string
+
+const (
+	Casbin EnforcerType = "casbin"
+	Native EnforcerType = "native"
+)
+
+type Config = model.DriverConfig[EnforcerType]

backend/pkg/auth/db.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/policy"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+)
+
+type ProtectedDB[T model.PermissionBoundStorable] interface {
+	Create(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error
+	InsertMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, objects []T) error
+	Get(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, result T) error
+	Update(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error
+	Delete(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error
+	DeleteCascadeAuth(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error
+	Patch(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, patch builder.Patch) error
+	PatchMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query, patch builder.Patch) (int, error)
+	Unprotected() template.DB[T]
+	ListIDs(ctx context.Context, action model.Action, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) ([]bson.ObjectID, error)
+}
+
+func CreateDB[T model.PermissionBoundStorable](
+	ctx context.Context,
+	l mlogger.Logger,
+	pdb policy.DB,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	collection mservice.Type,
+	db *mongo.Database,
+) (ProtectedDB[T], error) {
+	return CreateDBImp[T](ctx, l, pdb, enforcer, collection, db)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbab.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/policy"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type AccountBoundDB[T model.AccountBoundStorable] interface {
+	Create(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error
+	Get(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, result T) error
+	Update(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error
+	Patch(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, patch builder.Patch) error
+	Delete(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error
+	DeleteMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) error
+	FindOne(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query, result T) error
+	ListIDs(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) ([]bson.ObjectID, error)
+	ListAccountBound(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) ([]model.AccountBoundStorable, error)
+}
+
+func CreateAccountBound[T model.AccountBoundStorable](
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	pdb policy.DB,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	collection mservice.Type,
+	db *mongo.Database,
+) (AccountBoundDB[T], error) {
+	logger = logger.Named("account_bound")
+	var policy model.PolicyDescription
+	if err := pdb.GetBuiltInPolicy(ctx, mservice.Organizations, &policy); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to fetch organization policy description", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	res := &AccountBoundDBImp[T]{
+		Logger:        logger,
+		DBImp:         template.Create[T](logger, collection, db),
+		Enforcer:      enforcer,
+		PermissionRef: policy.ID,
+		Collection:    collection,
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbimp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/policy"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	ri "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/index"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type ProtectedDBImp[T model.PermissionBoundStorable] struct {
+	DBImp         *template.DBImp[T]
+	Enforcer      Enforcer
+	PermissionRef bson.ObjectID
+	Collection    mservice.Type
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) enforce(ctx context.Context, action model.Action, object model.PermissionBoundStorable, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	res, err := db.Enforcer.Enforce(ctx, object.GetPermissionRef(), accountRef, object.GetOrganizationRef(), objectRef, action)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to enforce permission",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.PermissionRef(object.GetPermissionRef()),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(object.GetOrganizationRef()),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return err
+	}
+	if !res {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Access denied", mzap.PermissionRef(object.GetPermissionRef()),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(object.GetOrganizationRef()),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Collection, string(action), objectRef)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) Create(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to create object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	if object.GetPermissionRef() == bson.NilObjectID {
+		object.SetPermissionRef(db.PermissionRef)
+	}
+	object.SetOrganizationRef(organizationRef)
+
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionCreate, object, accountRef, bson.NilObjectID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Create(ctx, object); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to create object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully created object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) InsertMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, objects []T) error {
+	if len(objects) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to insert many objects", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection),
+		zap.Int("count", len(objects)))
+
+	// Set permission and organization refs for all objects and enforce permissions
+	for _, object := range objects {
+		if object.GetPermissionRef() == bson.NilObjectID {
+			object.SetPermissionRef(db.PermissionRef)
+		}
+		object.SetOrganizationRef(organizationRef)
+
+		if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionCreate, object, accountRef, bson.NilObjectID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.InsertMany(ctx, objects); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to insert many objects", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection),
+			zap.Int("count", len(objects)))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully inserted many objects", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection),
+		zap.Int("count", len(objects)))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) enforceObject(ctx context.Context, action model.Action, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	l, err := db.ListIDs(ctx, action, accountRef, repository.IDFilter(objectRef))
+	if err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Error occured while checking access rights", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(l) == 0 {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Access denied", zap.String("action", string(action)), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Collection, string(action), objectRef)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) Get(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, result T) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to get object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	if err := db.enforceObject(ctx, model.ActionRead, accountRef, objectRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Get(ctx, objectRef, result); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to get object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully retrieved object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(result.GetOrganizationRef()),
+		mzap.StorableRef(result), mzap.PermissionRef(result.GetPermissionRef()))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) Update(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to update object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.StorableRef(object))
+
+	if err := db.enforceObject(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, accountRef, *object.GetID()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to update object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(object.GetOrganizationRef()), mzap.StorableRef(object))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully updated object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(object.GetOrganizationRef()),
+		mzap.StorableRef(object), mzap.PermissionRef(object.GetPermissionRef()))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) Delete(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to delete object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	if err := db.enforceObject(ctx, model.ActionDelete, accountRef, objectRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Delete(ctx, objectRef); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to delete object", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully deleted object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) ListIDs(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	action model.Action,
+	accountRef bson.ObjectID,
+	query builder.Query,
+) ([]bson.ObjectID, error) {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to list object IDs",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection), zap.Any("filter", query.BuildQuery()))
+
+	// 1. Fetch all candidate IDs from the underlying DB
+	allIDs, err := db.DBImp.ListPermissionBound(ctx, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to list object IDs", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			zap.String("collection", db.Collection), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(allIDs) == 0 {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("No objects found matching filter", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			zap.String("collection", db.Collection), zap.Any("filter", query.BuildQuery()))
+		return []bson.ObjectID{}, merrors.NoData(fmt.Sprintf("no %s found", db.Collection))
+	}
+
+	// 2. Check read permission for each ID
+	var allowedIDs []bson.ObjectID
+	for _, desc := range allIDs {
+		enforceErr := db.enforce(ctx, action, desc, accountRef, *desc.GetID())
+		if enforceErr == nil {
+			allowedIDs = append(allowedIDs, *desc.GetID())
+		} else if !errors.Is(enforceErr, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			// If the error is something other than AccessDenied, we want to fail
+			db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Error while enforcing read permission", zap.Error(enforceErr),
+				mzap.PermissionRef(desc.GetPermissionRef()), zap.String("action", string(action)),
+				mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(desc.GetOrganizationRef()),
+				mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", *desc.GetID()), zap.String("collection", db.Collection),
+			)
+			return nil, enforceErr
+		}
+		// If AccessDenied, we simply skip that ID.
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully enforced read permission on IDs", zap.Int("fetched_count", len(allIDs)),
+		zap.Int("allowed_count", len(allowedIDs)), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		zap.String("collection", db.Collection), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+
+	// 3. Return only the IDs that passed permission checks
+	return allowedIDs, nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) Unprotected() template.DB[T] {
+	return db.DBImp
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) DeleteCascadeAuth(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if err := db.enforceObject(ctx, model.ActionDelete, accountRef, objectRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := db.DBImp.DeleteCascade(ctx, objectRef); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to delete dependent object", zap.Error(err))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func CreateDBImp[T model.PermissionBoundStorable](
+	ctx context.Context,
+	l mlogger.Logger,
+	pdb policy.DB,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	collection mservice.Type,
+	db *mongo.Database,
+) (*ProtectedDBImp[T], error) {
+	logger := l.Named("protected")
+	var policy model.PolicyDescription
+	if err := pdb.GetBuiltInPolicy(ctx, collection, &policy); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to fetch policy description", zap.Error(err), zap.String("resource_type", collection))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	p := &ProtectedDBImp[T]{
+		DBImp:         template.Create[T](logger, collection, db),
+		PermissionRef: policy.ID,
+		Collection:    collection,
+		Enforcer:      enforcer,
+	}
+	if err := p.DBImp.Repository.CreateIndex(&ri.Definition{
+		Keys: []ri.Key{{Field: storable.OrganizationRefField, Sort: ri.Asc}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to create index", zap.Error(err), zap.String("resource_type", collection))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) Patch(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, patch builder.Patch) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to patch object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	if err := db.enforceObject(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, accountRef, objectRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Repository.Patch(ctx, objectRef, patch); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to patch object", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully patched object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *ProtectedDBImp[T]) PatchMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query, patch builder.Patch) (int, error) {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Attempting to patch many objects",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.Any("filter", query.BuildQuery()))
+
+	ids, err := db.ListIDs(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, accountRef, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	values := make([]any, len(ids))
+	for i, id := range ids {
+		values[i] = id
+	}
+	idFilter := repository.Query().In(repository.IDField(), values...)
+	finalQuery := query.And(idFilter)
+
+	modified, err := db.DBImp.Repository.PatchMany(ctx, finalQuery, patch)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("Failed to patch many objects", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("Successfully patched many objects",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.Int("modified_count", modified))
+	return modified, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbimpab.go

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/policy"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type AccountBoundDBImp[T model.AccountBoundStorable] struct {
+	Logger        mlogger.Logger
+	DBImp         *template.DBImp[T]
+	Enforcer      Enforcer
+	PermissionRef bson.ObjectID
+	Collection    mservice.Type
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) enforce(ctx context.Context, action model.Action, object model.AccountBoundStorable, accountRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	// FIRST: Check if the object's AccountRef equals the calling accountRef - if so, ALLOW
+	objectAccountRef := object.GetAccountRef()
+	if objectAccountRef != nil && *objectAccountRef == accountRef {
+		db.Logger.Debug("Access granted - object belongs to calling account",
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_account_ref", *objectAccountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("calling_account_ref", accountRef),
+			zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// SECOND: If not owned by calling account, check organization-level permissions
+	organizationRef := object.GetOrganizationRef()
+	res, err := db.Enforcer.Enforce(ctx, db.PermissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, organizationRef, action)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to enforce permission",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.PermissionRef(db.PermissionRef),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+			zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return err
+	}
+	if !res {
+		db.Logger.Debug("Access denied", mzap.PermissionRef(db.PermissionRef),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+			zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Collection, string(action), bson.NilObjectID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) enforceInterface(ctx context.Context, action model.Action, object model.AccountBoundStorable, accountRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	return db.enforce(ctx, action, object, accountRef)
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) Create(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error {
+	orgRef := object.GetOrganizationRef()
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to create object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(orgRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	// Check organization update permission for create operations
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, object, accountRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Create(ctx, object); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to create object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(orgRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully created object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(orgRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) Get(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, result T) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to get object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	// First get the object to check its organization
+	if err := db.DBImp.Get(ctx, objectRef, result); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to get object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check organization read permission
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionRead, result, accountRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully retrieved object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(result.GetOrganizationRef()), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) Update(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to update object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.StorableRef(object))
+
+	// Check organization update permission
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, object, accountRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to update object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(object.GetOrganizationRef()), mzap.StorableRef(object))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully updated object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(object.GetOrganizationRef()), mzap.StorableRef(object))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) Patch(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, patch builder.Patch) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to patch object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	// First get the object to check its organization
+	objs, err := db.DBImp.Repository.ListAccountBound(ctx, repository.IDFilter(objectRef))
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to get object for permission check when deleting", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(objs) == 0 {
+		db.Logger.Debug("Permission denied for deletion", mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Collection, string(model.ActionDelete), objectRef)
+	}
+
+	// Check organization update permission
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, objs[0], accountRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Patch(ctx, objectRef, patch); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to patch object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully patched object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) Delete(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to delete object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	// First get the object to check its organization
+	objs, err := db.DBImp.Repository.ListAccountBound(ctx, repository.IDFilter(objectRef))
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to get object for permission check when deleting", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(objs) == 0 {
+		db.Logger.Debug("Permission denied for deletion", mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Collection, string(model.ActionDelete), objectRef)
+	}
+	// Check organization update permission for delete operations
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, objs[0], accountRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Delete(ctx, objectRef); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to delete object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully deleted object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) DeleteMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to delete many objects", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	// Get all candidate objects for batch permission checking
+	allObjects, err := db.DBImp.Repository.ListPermissionBound(ctx, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to list objects for delete many", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Use batch enforcement for efficiency
+	allowedResults, err := db.Enforcer.EnforceBatch(ctx, allObjects, accountRef, model.ActionUpdate)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to enforce batch permissions for delete many", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Build query for objects that passed permission check
+	var allowedIDs []bson.ObjectID
+	for _, obj := range allObjects {
+		if allowedResults[*obj.GetID()] {
+			allowedIDs = append(allowedIDs, *obj.GetID())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(allowedIDs) == 0 {
+		db.Logger.Debug("No objects allowed for deletion", mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Delete only the allowed objects
+	allowedQuery := query.And(repository.Query().In(repository.IDField(), allowedIDs))
+	if err := db.DBImp.DeleteMany(ctx, allowedQuery); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to delete many objects", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully deleted many objects", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.Int("count", len(allowedIDs)))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) FindOne(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query, result T) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to find one object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	// For FindOne, we need to check read permission after finding the object
+	if err := db.DBImp.FindOne(ctx, query, result); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to find one object", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check organization read permission for the found object
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionRead, result, accountRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully found one object", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(result.GetOrganizationRef()))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) ListIDs(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) ([]bson.ObjectID, error) {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to list object IDs", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	// Get all candidate objects for batch permission checking
+	allObjects, err := db.DBImp.Repository.ListPermissionBound(ctx, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to list objects for ID filtering", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Use batch enforcement for efficiency
+	allowedResults, err := db.Enforcer.EnforceBatch(ctx, allObjects, accountRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to enforce batch permissions for ID listing", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Filter to only allowed object IDs
+	var allowedIDs []bson.ObjectID
+	for _, obj := range allObjects {
+		if allowedResults[*obj.GetID()] {
+			allowedIDs = append(allowedIDs, *obj.GetID())
+		}
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully filtered object IDs", zap.Int("total_count", len(allObjects)),
+		zap.Int("allowed_count", len(allowedIDs)), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+	return allowedIDs, nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) ListAccountBound(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) ([]model.AccountBoundStorable, error) {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to list account bound objects", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	// Build query to find objects where accountRef matches OR is null/absent
+	accountQuery := repository.WithOrg(accountRef, organizationRef)
+
+	// Combine with the provided query
+	finalQuery := query.And(accountQuery)
+
+	// Get all candidate objects
+	allObjects, err := db.DBImp.Repository.ListAccountBound(ctx, finalQuery)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to list account bound objects", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Filter objects based on read permissions (AccountBoundStorable doesn't have permission info, so we check organization level)
+	var allowedObjects []model.AccountBoundStorable
+	for _, obj := range allObjects {
+		if err := db.enforceInterface(ctx, model.ActionRead, obj, accountRef); err == nil {
+			allowedObjects = append(allowedObjects, obj)
+		} else if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			// If the error is something other than AccessDenied, we want to fail
+			db.Logger.Warn("Error while enforcing read permission", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", *obj.GetID()))
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// If AccessDenied, we simply skip that object
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully filtered account bound objects", zap.Int("total_count", len(allObjects)),
+		zap.Int("allowed_count", len(allowedObjects)), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+	return allowedObjects, nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) GetByAccountRef(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, result T) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to get object by account ref", mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+
+	// Build query to find objects where accountRef matches OR is null/absent
+	query := repository.WithoutOrg(accountRef)
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.FindOne(ctx, query, result); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to get object by account ref", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check organization read permission for the found object
+	if err := db.enforce(ctx, model.ActionRead, result, accountRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully retrieved object by account ref", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(result.GetOrganizationRef()))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) DeleteByAccountRef(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	db.Logger.Debug("Attempting to delete objects by account ref", mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+
+	// Build query to find objects where accountRef matches OR is null/absent
+	query := repository.WithoutOrg(accountRef)
+
+	// Get all candidate objects for individual permission checking
+	allObjects, err := db.DBImp.Repository.ListAccountBound(ctx, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to list objects for delete by account ref", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check permissions for each object individually (AccountBoundStorable doesn't have permission info)
+	var allowedIDs []bson.ObjectID
+	for _, obj := range allObjects {
+		if err := db.enforceInterface(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, obj, accountRef); err == nil {
+			allowedIDs = append(allowedIDs, *obj.GetID())
+		} else if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			// If the error is something other than AccessDenied, we want to fail
+			db.Logger.Warn("Error while enforcing update permission", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", *obj.GetID()))
+			return err
+		}
+		// If AccessDenied, we simply skip that object
+	}
+
+	if len(allowedIDs) == 0 {
+		db.Logger.Debug("No objects allowed for deletion by account ref", mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Delete only the allowed objects
+	allowedQuery := query.And(repository.Query().In(repository.IDField(), allowedIDs))
+	if err := db.DBImp.DeleteMany(ctx, allowedQuery); err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to delete objects by account ref", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.Logger.Debug("Successfully deleted objects by account ref", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.Int("count", len(allowedIDs)))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *AccountBoundDBImp[T]) DeleteCascade(ctx context.Context, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	return db.DBImp.DeleteCascade(ctx, objectRef)
+}
+
+// CreateAccountBoundImp creates a concrete AccountBoundDBImp instance for internal use
+func CreateAccountBoundImp[T model.AccountBoundStorable](
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	pdb policy.DB,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	collection mservice.Type,
+	db *mongo.Database,
+) (*AccountBoundDBImp[T], error) {
+	logger = logger.Named("account_bound")
+	var policy model.PolicyDescription
+	if err := pdb.GetBuiltInPolicy(ctx, mservice.Organizations, &policy); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to fetch organization policy description", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	res := &AccountBoundDBImp[T]{
+		Logger:        logger,
+		DBImp:         template.Create[T](logger, collection, db),
+		Enforcer:      enforcer,
+		PermissionRef: policy.ID,
+		Collection:    collection,
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbimpab_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// TestAccountBoundDBImp_Enforce tests the enforce method
+func TestAccountBoundDBImp_Enforce(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := zap.NewNop()
+	db := &AccountBoundDBImp[model.AccountBoundStorable]{
+		Logger:        logger,
+		PermissionRef: bson.NewObjectID(),
+		Collection:    "test_collection",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("EnforceMethodExists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test that the enforce method exists and can be called
+		// This is a basic test to ensure the method signature is correct
+		assert.NotNil(t, db.enforce)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PermissionRefSet", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test that PermissionRef is properly set
+		assert.NotEqual(t, bson.NilObjectID, db.PermissionRef)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("CollectionSet", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test that Collection is properly set
+		assert.Equal(t, "test_collection", db.Collection)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAccountBoundDBImp_InterfaceCompliance tests that the struct implements required interfaces
+func TestAccountBoundDBImp_InterfaceCompliance(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := zap.NewNop()
+	db := &AccountBoundDBImp[model.AccountBoundStorable]{
+		Logger:        logger,
+		PermissionRef: bson.NewObjectID(),
+		Collection:    "test_collection",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("StructInitialization", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test that the struct can be initialized
+		assert.NotNil(t, db)
+		assert.NotNil(t, db.Logger)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, bson.NilObjectID, db.PermissionRef)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, db.Collection)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("LoggerInitialization", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test that logger is properly initialized
+		assert.NotNil(t, db.Logger)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAccountBoundDBImp_ErrorHandling tests error handling patterns
+func TestAccountBoundDBImp_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("AccessDeniedError", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test that AccessDenied error is properly created
+		err := merrors.AccessDenied("test_collection", "read", bson.NilObjectID)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ErrorTypeChecking", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test error type checking
+		accessDeniedErr := merrors.AccessDenied("test", "read", bson.NilObjectID)
+		otherErr := merrors.Define("other error")
+
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(accessDeniedErr, merrors.ErrAccessDenied))
+		assert.False(t, errors.Is(otherErr, merrors.ErrAccessDenied))
+	})
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbimpscoped.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// ownerKindField and ownerRefField are the canonical BSON paths produced by
+// model.Owner embedded with bson:"owner". Resources managed by ScopedDBImp
+// must use these same tags for BuildScopedQuery to produce correct filters.
+const (
+	ownerKindField = "owner.kind"
+	ownerRefField  = "owner.ref"
+)
+
+// ScopedDBImp provides generic CRUD, patch, and bulk operations for resources
+// that follow the personal-vs-org dual-ownership model (ownerKind + ownerRef).
+//
+// Unlike ProtectedDBImp, it never uses permissionRef as a routing sentinel.
+// Every read/mutate operation calls LoadAndEnforce, which reads ownerKind and
+// ownerRef from the authoritative database record before making the access
+// decision:
+//   - personal (ownerKind=account):     caller must be the owner (no policy consulted)
+//   - org     (ownerKind=organization): caller must pass the org policy check
+//
+// This eliminates the permissionRef==NilObjectID pattern that would otherwise
+// be required for personal-owned resources under ProtectedDBImp.
+type ScopedDBImp[T model.ScopedStorable] struct {
+	DBImp        *template.DBImp[T]
+	scoped       *ScopedDB[T]
+	Enforcer     Enforcer
+	OrgPolicyRef bson.ObjectID
+	Collection   mservice.Type
+}
+
+// NewScopedDBImp wires a ScopedDBImp. Panics on nil required dependencies to
+// surface misconfiguration at startup, matching the contract of NewScopedDB
+// and CreateDBImp.
+func NewScopedDBImp[T model.ScopedStorable](
+	dbImp *template.DBImp[T],
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	membership MembershipChecker,
+	orgPolicyRef bson.ObjectID,
+	collection mservice.Type,
+	newFn func() T,
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+) *ScopedDBImp[T] {
+	if dbImp == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedDBImp: DBImp must not be nil")
+	}
+	if enforcer == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedDBImp: Enforcer must not be nil")
+	}
+	if membership == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedDBImp: MembershipChecker must not be nil")
+	}
+	if newFn == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedDBImp: New must not be nil")
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = zap.NewNop()
+	}
+	return &ScopedDBImp[T]{
+		DBImp:        dbImp,
+		Enforcer:     enforcer,
+		OrgPolicyRef: orgPolicyRef,
+		Collection:   collection,
+		scoped: NewScopedDB(
+			dbImp,
+			NewScopedAuthorizer(membership, enforcer, logger.Named("scoped")),
+			orgPolicyRef,
+			collection,
+			newFn,
+			logger.Named("scoped"),
+		),
+	}
+}
+
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) loadAndEnforce(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) (T, error) {
+	return db.scoped.LoadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, action)
+}
+
+// Unprotected returns the raw DBImp for operations that bypass scoped auth.
+// Callers are responsible for their own authorization.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) Unprotected() template.DB[T] {
+	return db.DBImp
+}
+
+// BuildScopedQuery returns the ownership-aware OR-query for use in List
+// implementations. It mirrors the access model used by all other ScopedDBImp
+// operations: membership is checked first, then org policy read access.
+//
+// The returned query always includes personal resources owned by accountRef,
+// regardless of the organization they were created in — personal resources
+// follow their owner across every org the account is a member of. Org-owned
+// resources are bounded to organizationRef and added only when the caller is
+// a member of the org AND the org policy grants read access.
+//
+// Callers must compose the returned query with resource-specific filters
+// (additional field conditions, cursor pagination, etc.).
+//
+// Resources must embed model.Owner with bson:"owner" so the generated field
+// paths (owner.kind, owner.ref) match the stored documents.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) BuildScopedQuery(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) (builder.Query, error) {
+	personalQ := repository.Query().
+		Filter(repository.Field(ownerKindField), model.OwnerKindAccount).
+		Filter(repository.Field(ownerRefField), accountRef)
+
+	conditions := []builder.Query{personalQ}
+
+	isMember, err := db.scoped.Authorizer.Membership.IsMember(ctx, organizationRef, accountRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Membership backend failure degrades org access but must not prevent
+		// the caller from seeing their own personal resources.
+		db.scoped.Logger.Warn("membership check failed, returning personal-only results",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+	} else if isMember {
+		hasOrgAccess, enforceErr := db.Enforcer.Enforce(
+			ctx, db.OrgPolicyRef, accountRef, organizationRef, bson.NilObjectID, model.ActionRead,
+		)
+		if enforceErr != nil {
+			return nil, enforceErr
+		}
+		if hasOrgAccess {
+			conditions = append(conditions, repository.Query().And(
+				repository.OrgFilter(organizationRef),
+				repository.Filter(ownerKindField, model.OwnerKindOrganization),
+			))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return repository.Query().Or(conditions...), nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbimpscoped_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,848 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	rd "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/decoder"
+	ri "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/index"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/transaction"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// testScopedObj is a minimal model.ScopedStorable used exclusively by
+// ScopedDBImp tests.
+type testScopedObj struct {
+	id            bson.ObjectID
+	orgRef        bson.ObjectID
+	ownerKind     model.OwnerKind
+	ownerRef      bson.ObjectID
+	permissionRef bson.ObjectID
+}
+
+func (o *testScopedObj) GetID() *bson.ObjectID                { return &o.id }
+func (o *testScopedObj) SetID(id bson.ObjectID)               { o.id = id }
+func (o *testScopedObj) Update()                              {}
+func (o *testScopedObj) Collection() string                   { return "test_scoped" }
+func (o *testScopedObj) GetOrganizationRef() bson.ObjectID    { return o.orgRef }
+func (o *testScopedObj) SetOrganizationRef(ref bson.ObjectID) { o.orgRef = ref }
+func (o *testScopedObj) GetOwnerKind() model.OwnerKind        { return o.ownerKind }
+func (o *testScopedObj) GetOwnerRef() bson.ObjectID           { return o.ownerRef }
+func (o *testScopedObj) SetOwnerKind(k model.OwnerKind)       { o.ownerKind = k }
+func (o *testScopedObj) SetOwnerRef(ref bson.ObjectID)        { o.ownerRef = ref }
+func (o *testScopedObj) GetPermissionRef() bson.ObjectID      { return o.permissionRef }
+func (o *testScopedObj) SetPermissionRef(ref bson.ObjectID)   { o.permissionRef = ref }
+
+var _ model.ScopedStorable = (*testScopedObj)(nil)
+
+// fakeScopedRepository is a minimal in-memory repository.Repository that
+// supports Insert, InsertMany, Get, Update, Patch, Delete, and ListIDs.
+// All other methods return merrors.NotImplemented.
+type fakeScopedRepository struct {
+	objects    map[bson.ObjectID]*testScopedObj
+	insertErr  error
+	getErr     error
+	updateErr  error
+	patchErr   error
+	deleteErr  error
+	listIDsErr error
+	patchedIDs []bson.ObjectID
+	// patchManyIDs is the set of IDs that PatchMany will record as affected.
+	// Tests using PatchMany must set this to the expected authorized IDs so the
+	// fake can simulate per-ID tracking without parsing the bulk filter.
+	patchManyIDs []bson.ObjectID
+}
+
+func newFakeScopedRepository() *fakeScopedRepository {
+	return &fakeScopedRepository{objects: make(map[bson.ObjectID]*testScopedObj)}
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Insert(_ context.Context, obj storable.Storable, _ builder.Query) error {
+	if f.insertErr != nil {
+		return f.insertErr
+	}
+	o := obj.(*testScopedObj)
+	if o.id == bson.NilObjectID {
+		o.id = bson.NewObjectID()
+	}
+	clone := *o
+	f.objects[o.id] = &clone
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) InsertMany(_ context.Context, objects []storable.Storable) error {
+	if f.insertErr != nil {
+		return f.insertErr
+	}
+	for _, obj := range objects {
+		o := obj.(*testScopedObj)
+		if o.id == bson.NilObjectID {
+			o.id = bson.NewObjectID()
+		}
+		clone := *o
+		f.objects[o.id] = &clone
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Get(_ context.Context, id bson.ObjectID, result storable.Storable) error {
+	if f.getErr != nil {
+		return f.getErr
+	}
+	obj, ok := f.objects[id]
+	if !ok {
+		return merrors.NoData(fmt.Sprintf("test_scoped %s not found", id.Hex()))
+	}
+	*result.(*testScopedObj) = *obj
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Update(_ context.Context, obj storable.Storable) error {
+	if f.updateErr != nil {
+		return f.updateErr
+	}
+	o := obj.(*testScopedObj)
+	clone := *o
+	f.objects[*o.GetID()] = &clone
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Patch(_ context.Context, id bson.ObjectID, _ builder.Patch) error {
+	if f.patchErr != nil {
+		return f.patchErr
+	}
+	f.patchedIDs = append(f.patchedIDs, id)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Delete(_ context.Context, id bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if f.deleteErr != nil {
+		return f.deleteErr
+	}
+	delete(f.objects, id)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) ListIDs(_ context.Context, _ builder.Query) ([]bson.ObjectID, error) {
+	if f.listIDsErr != nil {
+		return nil, f.listIDsErr
+	}
+	ids := make([]bson.ObjectID, 0, len(f.objects))
+	for id := range f.objects {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+// Unimplemented repository.Repository stubs.
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Aggregate(context.Context, builder.Pipeline, rd.DecodingFunc) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("aggregate")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) FindOneByFilter(context.Context, builder.Query, storable.Storable) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("FindOneByFilter")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) FindFirstByFilter(context.Context, builder.Query, storable.Storable) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("FindFirstByFilter")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) FindManyByFilter(context.Context, builder.Query, rd.DecodingFunc) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("FindManyByFilter")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) FindAllByFilter(context.Context, builder.Query, any) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("FindAllByFilter")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) CountByFilter(context.Context, builder.Query) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, merrors.NotImplemented("CountByFilter")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) ReplaceOneByFilter(context.Context, builder.Query, storable.Storable) (bool, error) {
+	return false, merrors.NotImplemented("ReplaceOneByFilter")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Upsert(context.Context, storable.Storable) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("Upsert")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) PatchOneByFilter(context.Context, builder.Query, builder.Patch, storable.Storable) (bool, error) {
+	return false, merrors.NotImplemented("PatchOneByFilter")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) PatchMany(_ context.Context, _ builder.Query, _ builder.Patch) (int, error) {
+	f.patchedIDs = append(f.patchedIDs, f.patchManyIDs...)
+	return len(f.patchManyIDs), nil
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) DeleteMany(context.Context, builder.Query) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("DeleteMany")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) CreateIndex(*ri.Definition) error { return nil }
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) DropIndex(context.Context, string) error {
+	return merrors.NotImplemented("DropIndex")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) ListIndexDefinitions(context.Context) ([]*ri.Definition, error) {
+	return nil, merrors.NotImplemented("ListIndexDefinitions")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) ListPermissionBound(context.Context, builder.Query) ([]model.PermissionBoundStorable, error) {
+	return nil, merrors.NotImplemented("ListPermissionBound")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) ListAccountBound(context.Context, builder.Query) ([]model.AccountBoundStorable, error) {
+	return nil, merrors.NotImplemented("ListAccountBound")
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) WithTransaction(_ context.Context, cb transaction.Callback) (any, error) {
+	return cb(context.Background())
+}
+func (f *fakeScopedRepository) Collection() string { return "test_scoped" }
+
+// newTestScopedDBImp wires a ScopedDBImp backed by the given in-memory repo,
+// membership, and enforcer. The orgPolicyRef is returned so callers can verify
+// it was applied correctly.
+func newTestScopedDBImp(repo *fakeScopedRepository, membership *fakeMembership, enforcer Enforcer) (*ScopedDBImp[*testScopedObj], bson.ObjectID) {
+	orgPolicyRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	dbImp := &template.DBImp[*testScopedObj]{
+		Logger:     zap.NewNop(),
+		Repository: repo,
+	}
+	dbImp.SetDeleter(func(_ context.Context, id bson.ObjectID) error {
+		return repo.Delete(context.Background(), id)
+	})
+	imp := NewScopedDBImp[*testScopedObj](
+		dbImp,
+		enforcer,
+		membership,
+		orgPolicyRef,
+		mservice.Type("test_scoped"),
+		func() *testScopedObj { return &testScopedObj{} },
+		zap.NewNop(),
+	)
+	return imp, orgPolicyRef
+}
+
+// ── Create ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Create_Personal_SkipsPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	obj := &testScopedObj{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount}
+	if err := db.Create(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, obj); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("personal create must not consult the enforcer")
+	}
+	if obj.GetOwnerRef() != caller {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ownerRef=%s, got %s", caller.Hex(), obj.GetOwnerRef().Hex())
+	}
+	if obj.GetOrganizationRef() != orgRef {
+		t.Fatal("organizationRef must be set on create")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Create_Personal_DefaultsToAccountWhenKindMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	obj := &testScopedObj{} // ownerKind is zero value (invalid)
+	if err := db.Create(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, obj); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success with defaulted ownerKind, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if obj.GetOwnerKind() != model.OwnerKindAccount {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ownerKind=account, got %s", obj.GetOwnerKind())
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("must not consult enforcer when defaulting to personal")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Create_Personal_DeniedWhenCallerIsNotMember(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	membership := &fakeMembership{member: false}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, membership, enf)
+
+	obj := &testScopedObj{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount}
+	err := db.Create(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, obj)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied for non-member personal create, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !membership.called {
+		t.Fatal("personal create must check organization membership before insert")
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("personal create must not consult policy when caller is not an organization member")
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("object must not be inserted when membership denies")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Create_Org_CallsPolicyAndSetsFields(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, orgPolicyRef := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	obj := &testScopedObj{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization}
+	if err := db.Create(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, obj); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("org create must consult the enforcer")
+	}
+	if enf.gotAction != model.ActionCreate {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ActionCreate, got %s", enf.gotAction)
+	}
+	if obj.GetOwnerRef() != orgRef {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ownerRef=orgRef for org object, got %s", obj.GetOwnerRef().Hex())
+	}
+	if obj.GetPermissionRef() != orgPolicyRef {
+		t.Fatal("permissionRef must be set to OrgPolicyRef for org objects")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Create_Org_DeniedByPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: false}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	obj := &testScopedObj{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization}
+	err := db.Create(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, obj)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("object must not be inserted when policy denies")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Create_Org_DeniedWhenCallerIsNotMember(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	membership := &fakeMembership{member: false}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, membership, enf)
+
+	obj := &testScopedObj{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization}
+	err := db.Create(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, obj)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied for non-member org create, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !membership.called {
+		t.Fatal("org create must check organization membership before policy")
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("org create must not consult policy when caller is not an organization member")
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("object must not be inserted when membership denies")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Create_Org_MembershipErrorFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	boom := merrors.Define("membership backend down")
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	membership := &fakeMembership{err: boom}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, membership, enf)
+
+	obj := &testScopedObj{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization}
+	err := db.Create(context.Background(), bson.NewObjectID(), bson.NewObjectID(), obj)
+	if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected membership backend error propagated, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("org create must fail closed and not consult policy on membership error")
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("object must not be inserted when the membership check errors")
+	}
+}
+
+// ── InsertMany ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_InsertMany_Empty_IsNoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	if err := db.InsertMany(context.Background(), bson.NewObjectID(), bson.NewObjectID(), nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty InsertMany must succeed, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("empty InsertMany must not call enforcer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_InsertMany_AllPersonal_SkipsPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	objects := []*testScopedObj{
+		{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount},
+		{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount},
+	}
+	if err := db.InsertMany(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, objects); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("all-personal InsertMany must not consult the enforcer")
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 inserted objects, got %d", len(repo.objects))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_InsertMany_AllPersonalDeniedWhenCallerIsNotMember(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	membership := &fakeMembership{member: false}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, membership, enf)
+
+	objects := []*testScopedObj{
+		{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount},
+		{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount},
+	}
+	err := db.InsertMany(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, objects)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied for non-member personal InsertMany, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !membership.called {
+		t.Fatal("personal InsertMany must check organization membership before insert")
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("personal InsertMany must not consult policy when caller is not an organization member")
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("objects must not be inserted when membership denies")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_InsertMany_MixedBatch_OrgPolicyCheckedOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	objects := []*testScopedObj{
+		{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount},
+		{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization},
+		{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization},
+	}
+	if err := db.InsertMany(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, objects); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("enforcer must be called for mixed batch with org objects")
+	}
+	// Enforcer is called only once regardless of how many org objects are in the batch.
+	callCount := 0
+	if enf.called {
+		callCount = 1
+	}
+	if callCount != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("org policy must be checked exactly once for the entire batch")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_InsertMany_OrgDenied_NoObjectsInsertedOrMutated(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: false}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	personal := &testScopedObj{}
+	org := &testScopedObj{
+		orgRef:        bson.NewObjectID(),
+		ownerKind:     model.OwnerKindOrganization,
+		ownerRef:      bson.NewObjectID(),
+		permissionRef: bson.NewObjectID(),
+	}
+	originalPersonal := *personal
+	originalOrg := *org
+	objects := []*testScopedObj{personal, org}
+	err := db.InsertMany(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, objects)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("objects must not be inserted when policy denies")
+	}
+	if *personal != originalPersonal {
+		t.Fatalf("personal object was mutated on denied InsertMany: got %+v want %+v", *personal, originalPersonal)
+	}
+	if *org != originalOrg {
+		t.Fatalf("org object was mutated on denied InsertMany: got %+v want %+v", *org, originalOrg)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_InsertMany_OrgDeniedWhenCallerIsNotMember(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	membership := &fakeMembership{member: false}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, membership, enf)
+
+	objects := []*testScopedObj{{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization}}
+	err := db.InsertMany(context.Background(), caller, orgRef, objects)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied for non-member org InsertMany, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !membership.called {
+		t.Fatal("org InsertMany must check organization membership before policy")
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("org InsertMany must not consult policy when caller is not an organization member")
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("objects must not be inserted when membership denies")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_InsertMany_OrgMembershipErrorFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	boom := merrors.Define("membership backend down")
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	membership := &fakeMembership{err: boom}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, membership, enf)
+
+	objects := []*testScopedObj{{ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization}}
+	err := db.InsertMany(context.Background(), bson.NewObjectID(), bson.NewObjectID(), objects)
+	if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected membership backend error propagated, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("org InsertMany must fail closed and not consult policy on membership error")
+	}
+	if len(repo.objects) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("objects must not be inserted when the membership check errors")
+	}
+}
+
+// ── Update ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Update_RestoresOwnershipFields(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgPolicyRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	// Seed the repo with a personal object
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	repo.objects[objectRef] = &testScopedObj{
+		id:            objectRef,
+		orgRef:        orgRef,
+		ownerKind:     model.OwnerKindAccount,
+		ownerRef:      caller,
+		permissionRef: orgPolicyRef,
+	}
+
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, &fakeEnforcer{})
+
+	// Submit an update that tries to change ownership
+	updated := &testScopedObj{
+		id:        objectRef,
+		ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization, // attempt to escalate
+		ownerRef:  bson.NewObjectID(),          // attempt to hijack owner
+	}
+	if err := db.Update(context.Background(), caller, updated); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	// After update the ownership fields must match the DB, not the submitted payload
+	if updated.GetOwnerKind() != model.OwnerKindAccount {
+		t.Fatalf("ownerKind must not change: got %s", updated.GetOwnerKind())
+	}
+	if updated.GetOwnerRef() != caller {
+		t.Fatalf("ownerRef must not change: got %s", updated.GetOwnerRef().Hex())
+	}
+	if updated.GetOrganizationRef() != orgRef {
+		t.Fatal("organizationRef must not change")
+	}
+	if updated.GetPermissionRef() != orgPolicyRef {
+		t.Fatal("permissionRef must not change")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_Update_DeniedForNonOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	owner := bson.NewObjectID()
+	attacker := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	repo.objects[objectRef] = &testScopedObj{
+		id:        objectRef,
+		orgRef:    orgRef,
+		ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount,
+		ownerRef:  owner,
+	}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, &fakeEnforcer{})
+
+	err := db.Update(context.Background(), attacker, &testScopedObj{id: objectRef})
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied for non-owner, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── ListIDs ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_ListIDs_FiltersUnauthorized(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	other := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	id1 := bson.NewObjectID()
+	id2 := bson.NewObjectID()
+	id3 := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	repo.objects = map[bson.ObjectID]*testScopedObj{
+		id1: {id: id1, orgRef: orgRef, ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount, ownerRef: caller},
+		id2: {id: id2, orgRef: orgRef, ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount, ownerRef: other}, // unauthorized
+		id3: {id: id3, orgRef: orgRef, ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount, ownerRef: caller},
+	}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, &fakeEnforcer{})
+
+	ids, err := db.ListIDs(context.Background(), model.ActionRead, caller, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(ids) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 authorized IDs, got %d", len(ids))
+	}
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if id == id2 {
+			t.Fatal("unauthorized ID must not be returned")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_ListIDs_PropagatesNonAuthError(t *testing.T) {
+	boom := merrors.Define("enforcer backend down")
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	repo.objects[objectRef] = &testScopedObj{
+		id:        objectRef,
+		orgRef:    orgRef,
+		ownerKind: model.OwnerKindOrganization,
+		ownerRef:  orgRef,
+	}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{err: boom}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	_, err := db.ListIDs(context.Background(), model.ActionRead, bson.NewObjectID(), nil)
+	if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected underlying error propagated, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_ListIDs_RawRepoErrorPropagated(t *testing.T) {
+	boom := merrors.Define("mongo down")
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	repo.listIDsErr = boom
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, &fakeEnforcer{})
+
+	_, err := db.ListIDs(context.Background(), model.ActionRead, bson.NewObjectID(), nil)
+	if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected raw list error propagated, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── PatchMany ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_PatchMany_PatchesOnlyAuthorizedIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	other := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	id1 := bson.NewObjectID()
+	id2 := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	repo.objects = map[bson.ObjectID]*testScopedObj{
+		id1: {id: id1, orgRef: orgRef, ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount, ownerRef: caller},
+		id2: {id: id2, orgRef: orgRef, ownerKind: model.OwnerKindAccount, ownerRef: other},
+	}
+	// patchManyIDs declares which IDs the bulk DB call will report as affected.
+	// Only id1 is authorized (ownerRef==caller), so the IN filter contains only id1.
+	repo.patchManyIDs = []bson.ObjectID{id1}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, &fakeEnforcer{})
+
+	count, err := db.PatchMany(context.Background(), caller, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 patched object, got %d", count)
+	}
+	if len(repo.patchedIDs) != 1 || repo.patchedIDs[0] != id1 {
+		t.Fatal("only the authorized ID must be patched")
+	}
+}
+
+// ── BuildScopedQuery ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// bsonHasPair reports whether the key/value pair occurs anywhere within the
+// bson.D/bson.A tree produced by builder.Query.BuildQuery().
+func bsonHasPair(node any, key string, value any) bool {
+	switch n := node.(type) {
+	case bson.D:
+		for _, e := range n {
+			if e.Key == key && e.Value == value {
+				return true
+			}
+			if bsonHasPair(e.Value, key, value) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	case bson.A:
+		for _, item := range n {
+			if bsonHasPair(item, key, value) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// bsonHasKey reports whether the key occurs anywhere within the tree.
+func bsonHasKey(node any, key string) bool {
+	switch n := node.(type) {
+	case bson.D:
+		for _, e := range n {
+			if e.Key == key {
+				return true
+			}
+			if bsonHasKey(e.Value, key) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	case bson.A:
+		for _, item := range n {
+			if bsonHasKey(item, key) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_BuildScopedQuery_WithOrgAccess_PersonalBranchIsCrossOrg(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(newFakeScopedRepository(), &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	q, err := db.BuildScopedQuery(context.Background(), caller, orgRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("enforcer must be called to check org access")
+	}
+
+	built := q.BuildQuery()
+	if len(built) != 1 || built[0].Key != "$or" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected a single top-level $or, got %v", built)
+	}
+	branches, ok := built[0].Value.(bson.A)
+	if !ok || len(branches) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 $or branches, got %v", built[0].Value)
+	}
+
+	personal := branches[0]
+	if !bsonHasPair(personal, ownerKindField, model.OwnerKindAccount) ||
+		!bsonHasPair(personal, ownerRefField, caller) {
+		t.Fatalf("personal branch must match owner kind/ref, got %v", personal)
+	}
+	if bsonHasKey(personal, storable.OrganizationRefField) {
+		t.Fatalf("personal branch must not be org-bounded, got %v", personal)
+	}
+
+	org := branches[1]
+	if !bsonHasPair(org, storable.OrganizationRefField, orgRef) ||
+		!bsonHasPair(org, ownerKindField, model.OwnerKindOrganization) {
+		t.Fatalf("org branch must be org-bounded and org-owned, got %v", org)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_BuildScopedQuery_WithoutOrgAccess_PersonalOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: false}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(newFakeScopedRepository(), &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	q, err := db.BuildScopedQuery(context.Background(), caller, orgRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	built := q.BuildQuery()
+	if bsonHasKey(built, storable.OrganizationRefField) {
+		t.Fatalf("query must be personal-only without org access, got %v", built)
+	}
+	if !bsonHasPair(built, ownerKindField, model.OwnerKindAccount) ||
+		!bsonHasPair(built, ownerRefField, caller) {
+		t.Fatalf("query must match personal owner kind/ref, got %v", built)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_BuildScopedQuery_MembershipError_PersonalOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(newFakeScopedRepository(), &fakeMembership{err: merrors.Define("membership down")}, enf)
+
+	q, err := db.BuildScopedQuery(context.Background(), caller, orgRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("membership failure must degrade to personal-only, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("enforcer must not be consulted when the membership check fails")
+	}
+
+	built := q.BuildQuery()
+	if bsonHasKey(built, storable.OrganizationRefField) {
+		t.Fatalf("query must be personal-only on membership failure, got %v", built)
+	}
+	if !bsonHasPair(built, ownerKindField, model.OwnerKindAccount) ||
+		!bsonHasPair(built, ownerRefField, caller) {
+		t.Fatalf("query must match personal owner kind/ref, got %v", built)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDBImp_BuildScopedQuery_EnforcerError_Propagated(t *testing.T) {
+	boom := merrors.Define("enforcer down")
+	repo := newFakeScopedRepository()
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{err: boom}
+	db, _ := newTestScopedDBImp(repo, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	_, err := db.BuildScopedQuery(context.Background(), bson.NewObjectID(), bson.NewObjectID())
+	if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected enforcer error propagated, got %v", err)
+	}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbimpscopedcrud.go

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// Create inserts a new resource. If ownerKind is absent or invalid it defaults
+// to account.
+//
+// Personal path (ownerKind=account): requires the caller to be a member of
+// organizationRef (so a non-member cannot plant personal objects in a foreign
+// org namespace), then sets ownerRef=accountRef and inserts. The org policy is
+// not consulted — after creation, access is governed by ownership alone.
+//
+// Org path (ownerKind=organization): checks org membership and the org policy
+// (via authorizeOrgMutation) first, then stamps ownerRef/permissionRef and
+// inserts. Ownership fields are only mutated after the access check so a denied
+// caller's object is unchanged.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) Create(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to create scoped object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+		zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	if !object.GetOwnerKind().IsValid() {
+		object.SetOwnerKind(model.OwnerKindAccount)
+	}
+
+	switch object.GetOwnerKind() {
+	case model.OwnerKindAccount:
+		if err := db.authorizeOrgMembership(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef, model.ActionCreate); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		object.SetOwnerRef(accountRef)
+		object.SetOrganizationRef(organizationRef)
+		if err := db.DBImp.Create(ctx, object); err != nil {
+			db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to create personal scoped object",
+				zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+
+	case model.OwnerKindOrganization:
+		if err := db.authorizeOrgMutation(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef, model.ActionCreate); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		object.SetOwnerRef(organizationRef)
+		object.SetOrganizationRef(organizationRef)
+		object.SetPermissionRef(db.OrgPolicyRef)
+		if err := db.DBImp.Create(ctx, object); err != nil {
+			db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to create org scoped object",
+				zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+
+	default:
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("unsupported ownerKind on create",
+			zap.String("ownerKind", string(object.GetOwnerKind())),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+		return merrors.InvalidArgument("unsupported ownerKind", string(object.GetOwnerKind()))
+	}
+}
+
+// InsertMany bulk-inserts resources. Ownership fields are normalized per
+// object (defaulting to account when ownerKind is absent). Org membership, and
+// any required org policy check, run before any object is mutated.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) InsertMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, objects []T) error {
+	if len(objects) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to insert many scoped objects",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+		zap.Int("count", len(objects)), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	if err := db.authorizeOrgMembership(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef, model.ActionCreate); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ownerKinds := make([]model.OwnerKind, len(objects))
+	var hasOrgObjects bool
+	for i, obj := range objects {
+		ownerKind := obj.GetOwnerKind()
+		if !ownerKind.IsValid() {
+			ownerKind = model.OwnerKindAccount
+		}
+		switch ownerKind {
+		case model.OwnerKindAccount:
+		case model.OwnerKindOrganization:
+			hasOrgObjects = true
+		default:
+			return merrors.InvalidArgument("unsupported ownerKind in InsertMany", string(ownerKind))
+		}
+		ownerKinds[i] = ownerKind
+	}
+
+	if hasOrgObjects {
+		if err := db.authorizeOrgPolicy(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef, model.ActionCreate); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, obj := range objects {
+		switch ownerKinds[i] {
+		case model.OwnerKindAccount:
+			obj.SetOwnerKind(model.OwnerKindAccount)
+			obj.SetOwnerRef(accountRef)
+			obj.SetOrganizationRef(organizationRef)
+		case model.OwnerKindOrganization:
+			obj.SetOwnerKind(model.OwnerKindOrganization)
+			obj.SetOwnerRef(organizationRef)
+			obj.SetOrganizationRef(organizationRef)
+			obj.SetPermissionRef(db.OrgPolicyRef)
+		default:
+			return merrors.InvalidArgument("unsupported ownerKind in InsertMany", string(ownerKinds[i]))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.InsertMany(ctx, objects); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to insert many scoped objects",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+			zap.Int("count", len(objects)))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// authorizeOrgMembership requires the caller to be a member of the
+// organization. It is the create-time gate shared by the personal and org
+// paths: since no record exists yet to read ownership from, membership in the
+// target org is the minimum proof that the caller may write into its
+// namespace. It fails closed — a membership backend error denies the mutation.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) authorizeOrgMembership(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) error {
+	isMember, err := db.scoped.Authorizer.Membership.IsMember(ctx, organizationRef, accountRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("membership check failed during create-time mutation",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+			zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return err
+	}
+	if !isMember {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("access denied: caller is not a member of the organization",
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+			zap.String("collection", db.Collection), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Collection, string(action), bson.NilObjectID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// authorizeOrgPolicy checks that the org policy allows the caller to perform
+// the action. It assumes membership has already been verified — callers must
+// go through authorizeOrgMembership (or authorizeOrgMutation) first.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) authorizeOrgPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) error {
+	ok, err := db.Enforcer.Enforce(ctx, db.OrgPolicyRef, accountRef, organizationRef, bson.NilObjectID, action)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("access denied: org mutation policy",
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef),
+			zap.String("collection", db.Collection), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Collection, string(action), bson.NilObjectID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// authorizeOrgMutation gates a create-time org mutation: the caller must be a
+// member of the organization (authorizeOrgMembership) AND the org policy must
+// allow the action (authorizeOrgPolicy). Because no record exists yet to read
+// ownerKind from, it cannot go through loadAndEnforce; this mirrors the
+// membership-first check ScopedAuthorizer applies to read/update/delete of
+// org-owned resources.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) authorizeOrgMutation(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) error {
+	isMemberErr := db.authorizeOrgMembership(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef, action)
+	if isMemberErr != nil {
+		return isMemberErr
+	}
+	if isPolicyErr := db.authorizeOrgPolicy(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef, action); isPolicyErr != nil {
+		return isPolicyErr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Get fetches a resource after verifying ActionRead via LoadAndEnforce.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) Get(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, result T) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to get scoped object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	if _, err := db.loadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := db.DBImp.Get(ctx, objectRef, result); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to get scoped object after auth",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Update replaces a resource after verifying ActionUpdate. Immutable ownership
+// fields (ownerKind, ownerRef, orgRef, permissionRef) are always restored from
+// the database record so callers cannot change resource ownership via the payload.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) Update(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, object T) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to update scoped object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.StorableRef(object))
+
+	existing, err := db.loadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, *object.GetID(), model.ActionUpdate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	object.SetOwnerKind(existing.GetOwnerKind())
+	object.SetOwnerRef(existing.GetOwnerRef())
+	object.SetOrganizationRef(existing.GetOrganizationRef())
+	object.SetPermissionRef(existing.GetPermissionRef())
+
+	if err := db.DBImp.Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to update scoped object",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.StorableRef(object))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete removes a resource after verifying ActionDelete.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) Delete(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to delete scoped object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	if _, err := db.loadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, model.ActionDelete); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := db.DBImp.Delete(ctx, objectRef); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to delete scoped object",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeleteCascadeAuth removes a resource (with cascade via the registered deleter)
+// after verifying ActionDelete.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) DeleteCascadeAuth(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting cascade-delete scoped object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	if _, err := db.loadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, model.ActionDelete); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := db.DBImp.DeleteCascade(ctx, objectRef); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to cascade-delete scoped object",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/dbimpscopedpatch.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// Patch applies a partial update after verifying ActionUpdate.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) Patch(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, patch builder.Patch) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to patch scoped object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+
+	if err := denyImmutablePatch(patch); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := db.loadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, model.ActionUpdate); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := db.DBImp.Patch(ctx, objectRef, patch); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to patch scoped object",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetArchived patches the isArchived field after verifying ActionUpdate.
+//
+// organizationRef is accepted for interface compatibility but not used for
+// enforcement — ownership is read from the DB via LoadAndEnforce.
+// cascade is accepted but not applied; resources that require cascading archived
+// status must implement cascade logic in a dedicated wrapper.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) SetArchived(ctx context.Context, accountRef, _ bson.ObjectID, objectRef bson.ObjectID, isArchived, _ bool) error {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to change archive status of scoped object",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+		zap.Bool("archived", isArchived))
+
+	if _, err := db.loadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, objectRef, model.ActionUpdate); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	patch := repository.Patch().Set(repository.IsArchivedField(), isArchived)
+	if err := db.DBImp.Patch(ctx, objectRef, patch); err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to change archive status of scoped object",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ListIDs returns the authorized subset of IDs matching query for the given
+// action. Each candidate is checked via LoadAndEnforce; unauthorized IDs are
+// silently skipped. Non-access-denied errors abort the call.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) ListIDs(ctx context.Context, action model.Action, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) ([]bson.ObjectID, error) {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to list scoped object IDs",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	rawIDs, err := db.DBImp.ListIDs(ctx, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to list raw object IDs",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	allowed := make([]bson.ObjectID, 0, len(rawIDs))
+	for _, id := range rawIDs {
+		if _, authErr := db.loadAndEnforce(ctx, accountRef, id, action); authErr == nil {
+			allowed = append(allowed, id)
+		} else if !errors.Is(authErr, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("enforcer error during ListIDs",
+				zap.Error(authErr), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", id))
+			return nil, authErr
+		}
+		// ErrAccessDenied: silently skip
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("completed ListIDs",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.Int("total", len(rawIDs)), zap.Int("allowed", len(allowed)))
+	return allowed, nil
+}
+
+// PatchMany applies patch to all resources in query that accountRef is
+// authorized to update. Authorization is resolved via ListIDs; the write is a
+// single bulk operation using originalQuery AND _id IN (authorizedIDs) so
+// records that leave the original query between the read and write are not
+// inadvertently mutated.
+func (db *ScopedDBImp[T]) PatchMany(ctx context.Context, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query, patch builder.Patch) (int, error) {
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("attempting to patch many scoped objects",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("collection", db.Collection))
+
+	if err := denyImmutablePatch(patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	ids, err := db.ListIDs(ctx, model.ActionUpdate, accountRef, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	values := make([]any, len(ids))
+	for i, id := range ids {
+		values[i] = id
+	}
+	idFilter := repository.Query().In(repository.IDField(), values...)
+	finalQuery := idFilter
+	if query != nil {
+		finalQuery = query.And(idFilter)
+	}
+	modified, err := db.DBImp.PatchMany(ctx, finalQuery, patch)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.DBImp.Logger.Warn("failed to patch many scoped objects",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	db.DBImp.Logger.Debug("patched many scoped objects",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.Int("count", modified))
+	return modified, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/enforcer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+type Enforcer interface {
+	// Enforce checks if accountRef can do `action` on objectRef in an org (domainRef).
+	Enforce(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		permissionRef, accountRef, orgRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID,
+		action model.Action,
+	) (bool, error)
+
+	// Enforce batch of objects
+	EnforceBatch(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		objectRefs []model.PermissionBoundStorable,
+		accountRef bson.ObjectID,
+		action model.Action,
+	) (map[bson.ObjectID]bool, error)
+
+	// GetRoles returns the user's roles in a given org domain, plus any partial scopes if relevant.
+	GetRoles(ctx context.Context, accountRef, orgRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, error)
+
+	// GetPermissions returns all effective permissions (with effect, object scoping) for a user in org domain.
+	// Merges from all roles the user holds, plus any denies/exceptions.
+	GetPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountRef, orgRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, []model.Permission, error)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/factory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/policy"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/role"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func CreateAuth(
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	client *mongo.Client,
+	db *mongo.Database,
+	pdb policy.DB,
+	rdb role.DB,
+	config *Config,
+) (Enforcer, Manager, error) {
+	lg := logger.Named("auth")
+	if config == nil || config.Driver == "" {
+		lg.Warn("Permissions enforcer config is missing, defaulting to native enforcer")
+		config = &Config{
+			Driver: Native,
+		}
+	}
+	lg.Debug("Creating enforcer...", zap.String("driver", string(config.Driver)))
+	l := lg.Named(string(config.Driver))
+	if config.Driver == Casbin {
+		enforcer, err := casbin.NewEnforcer(l, client, config.Settings)
+		if err != nil {
+			lg.Warn("Failed to create enforcer", zap.Error(err))
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		manager, err := casbin.NewManager(l, pdb, rdb, enforcer, config.Settings)
+		if err != nil {
+			lg.Warn("Failed to create managment interface", zap.Error(err))
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return enforcer, manager, nil
+	}
+	if config.Driver == Native {
+		enforcer, err := native.NewEnforcer(l, db)
+		if err != nil {
+			lg.Warn("Failed to create enforcer", zap.Error(err))
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		manager, err := native.NewManager(l, pdb, rdb, enforcer)
+		if err != nil {
+			lg.Warn("Failed to create managment interface", zap.Error(err))
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return enforcer, manager, nil
+	}
+	return nil, nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("Unknown enforcer type: "+string(config.Driver), "config.driver")
+}

backend/pkg/auth/helper.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func enforceObject[T model.PermissionBoundStorable](ctx context.Context, db *template.DBImp[T], enforcer Enforcer, action model.Action, accountRef bson.ObjectID, query builder.Query) error {
+	l, err := db.ListPermissionBound(ctx, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Error occured while checking access rights", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(l) == 0 {
+		db.Logger.Debug("Access denied", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Repository.Collection(), string(action), bson.NilObjectID)
+	}
+	for _, item := range l {
+		db.Logger.Debug("Object found", mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", *item.GetID()),
+			mzap.OrgRef(item.GetOrganizationRef()),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(item.GetPermissionRef()),
+			zap.String("collection", item.Collection()))
+	}
+	res, err := enforcer.EnforceBatch(ctx, l, accountRef, action)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.Logger.Warn("Failed to enforce permission", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+	}
+	for objectRef, hasPermission := range res {
+		if !hasPermission {
+			db.Logger.Info("Permission denied for object during reordering", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+				mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(model.ActionUpdate)))
+			return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Repository.Collection(), string(action), objectRef)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func enforceObjectByRef[T model.PermissionBoundStorable](ctx context.Context, db *template.DBImp[T], enforcer Enforcer, action model.Action, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	err := enforceObject(ctx, db, enforcer, action, accountRef, repository.IDFilter(objectRef))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			db.Logger.Debug("Access denied", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+			return merrors.AccessDenied(db.Repository.Collection(), string(action), objectRef)
+		} else {
+			db.Logger.Warn("Error occurred while checking permissions", zap.Error(err),
+				mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}

backend/pkg/auth/indexable.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// IndexableDB implements reordering with permission checking
+type IndexableDB[T storable.Storable] interface {
+	// Reorder implements reordering with permission checking using EnforceBatch
+	Reorder(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, newIndex int, filter builder.Query) error
+}
+
+// NewIndexableDB creates a new auth.IndexableDB instance
+func NewIndexableDB[T storable.Storable](
+	repo repository.Repository,
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	createEmpty func() T,
+	getIndexable func(T) *model.Indexable,
+) IndexableDB[T] {
+	return newIndexableDBImp(repo, logger, enforcer, createEmpty, getIndexable)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/indexableimp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// IndexableDB implements reordering with permission checking
+type indexableDBImp[T storable.Storable] struct {
+	repo         repository.Repository
+	logger       mlogger.Logger
+	enforcer     Enforcer
+	createEmpty  func() T
+	getIndexable func(T) *model.Indexable
+}
+
+// NewIndexableDB creates a new auth.IndexableDB instance
+func newIndexableDBImp[T storable.Storable](
+	repo repository.Repository,
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	enforcer Enforcer,
+	createEmpty func() T,
+	getIndexable func(T) *model.Indexable,
+) IndexableDB[T] {
+	return &indexableDBImp[T]{
+		repo:         repo,
+		logger:       logger.Named("indexable"),
+		enforcer:     enforcer,
+		createEmpty:  createEmpty,
+		getIndexable: getIndexable,
+	}
+}
+
+// Reorder implements reordering with permission checking using EnforceBatch
+func (db *indexableDBImp[T]) Reorder(ctx context.Context, accountRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, newIndex int, filter builder.Query) error {
+	// Get current object to find its index
+	obj := db.createEmpty()
+	if err := db.repo.Get(ctx, objectRef, obj); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to get object for reordering", zap.Error(err), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Extract index from the object
+	indexable := db.getIndexable(obj)
+	currentIndex := indexable.Index
+	if currentIndex == newIndex {
+		db.logger.Debug("No reordering needed - same index", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("current_index", currentIndex), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex))
+		return nil // No change needed
+	}
+
+	// Determine which objects will be affected by the reordering
+	var affectedObjects []model.PermissionBoundStorable
+
+	if currentIndex < newIndex {
+		// Moving down: items between currentIndex+1 and newIndex will be shifted up by -1
+		reorderFilter := filter.
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(currentIndex+1, builder.Gte)).
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(newIndex, builder.Lte))
+
+		// Get all affected objects using ListPermissionBound
+		objects, err := db.repo.ListPermissionBound(ctx, reorderFilter)
+		if err != nil {
+			db.logger.Warn("Failed to get affected objects for reordering (moving down)",
+				zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+				zap.Int("current_index", currentIndex), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex))
+			return err
+		}
+		affectedObjects = append(affectedObjects, objects...)
+		db.logger.Debug("Found affected objects for moving down",
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("affected_count", len(objects)))
+	} else {
+		// Moving up: items between newIndex and currentIndex-1 will be shifted down by +1
+		reorderFilter := filter.
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(newIndex, builder.Gte)).
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(currentIndex-1, builder.Lte))
+
+		// Get all affected objects using ListPermissionBound
+		objects, err := db.repo.ListPermissionBound(ctx, reorderFilter)
+		if err != nil {
+			db.logger.Warn("Failed to get affected objects for reordering (moving up)", zap.Error(err),
+				mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+				zap.Int("current_index", currentIndex), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex))
+			return err
+		}
+		affectedObjects = append(affectedObjects, objects...)
+		db.logger.Debug("Found affected objects for moving up", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("affected_count", len(objects)))
+	}
+
+	// Add the target object to the list of objects that need permission checking
+	targetObjects, err := db.repo.ListPermissionBound(ctx, repository.IDFilter(objectRef))
+	if err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to get target object for permission checking", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(targetObjects) > 0 {
+		affectedObjects = append(affectedObjects, targetObjects[0])
+	}
+
+	// Check permissions for all affected objects using EnforceBatch
+	db.logger.Debug("Checking permissions for reordering", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("affected_count", len(affectedObjects)),
+		zap.Int("current_index", currentIndex), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex))
+
+	permissions, err := db.enforcer.EnforceBatch(ctx, affectedObjects, accountRef, model.ActionUpdate)
+	if err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to check permissions for reordering", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("affected_count", len(affectedObjects)))
+		return merrors.Internal("failed to check permissions for reordering")
+	}
+
+	// Verify all objects have update permission
+	for resObjectRef, hasPermission := range permissions {
+		if !hasPermission {
+			db.logger.Info("Permission denied for object during reordering", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+				mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(model.ActionUpdate)))
+			return merrors.AccessDenied(db.repo.Collection(), string(model.ActionUpdate), resObjectRef)
+		}
+	}
+
+	db.logger.Debug("All permissions granted, proceeding with reordering", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+		mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("permission_count", len(permissions)))
+
+	// All permissions checked, proceed with reordering
+	if currentIndex < newIndex {
+		// Moving down: shift items between currentIndex+1 and newIndex up by -1
+		patch := repository.Patch().Inc(repository.IndexField(), -1)
+		reorderFilter := filter.
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(currentIndex+1, builder.Gte)).
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(newIndex, builder.Lte))
+
+		updatedCount, err := db.repo.PatchMany(ctx, reorderFilter, patch)
+		if err != nil {
+			db.logger.Warn("Failed to shift objects during reordering (moving down)", zap.Error(err),
+				mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+				zap.Int("current_index", currentIndex), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex), zap.Int("updated_count", updatedCount))
+			return err
+		}
+		db.logger.Debug("Successfully shifted objects (moving down)", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("updated_count", updatedCount))
+	} else {
+		// Moving up: shift items between newIndex and currentIndex-1 down by +1
+		patch := repository.Patch().Inc(repository.IndexField(), 1)
+		reorderFilter := filter.
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(newIndex, builder.Gte)).
+			And(repository.IndexOpFilter(currentIndex-1, builder.Lte))
+
+		updatedCount, err := db.repo.PatchMany(ctx, reorderFilter, patch)
+		if err != nil {
+			db.logger.Warn("Failed to shift objects during reordering (moving up)", zap.Error(err),
+				mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+				zap.Int("current_index", currentIndex), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex), zap.Int("updated_count", updatedCount))
+			return err
+		}
+		db.logger.Debug("Successfully shifted objects (moving up)", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("updated_count", updatedCount))
+	}
+
+	// Update the target object to new index
+	if err := db.repo.Patch(ctx, objectRef, repository.Patch().Set(repository.IndexField(), newIndex)); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("Failed to update target object index", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("current_index", currentIndex), zap.Int("new_index", newIndex))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	db.logger.Debug("Successfully reordered object with permission checking",
+		mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.Int("old_index", currentIndex),
+		zap.Int("new_index", newIndex), zap.Int("affected_count", len(affectedObjects)))
+	return nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/config/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package casbin
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/mongoadapter"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type AdapterConfig struct {
+	DatabaseName      *string `mapstructure:"database_name"`
+	DatabaseNameEnv   *string `mapstructure:"database_name_env"`
+	CollectionName    *string `mapstructure:"collection_name"`
+	CollectionNameEnv *string `mapstructure:"collection_name_env"`
+	TimeoutSeconds    *int    `mapstructure:"timeout_seconds"`
+	TimeoutSecondsEnv *string `mapstructure:"timeout_seconds_env"`
+	IsFiltered        *bool   `mapstructure:"is_filtered"`
+	IsFilteredEnv     *string `mapstructure:"is_filtered_env"`
+}
+
+type Config struct {
+	ModelPath    *string        `mapstructure:"model_path"`
+	ModelPathEnv *string        `mapstructure:"model_path_env"`
+	Adapter      *AdapterConfig `mapstructure:"adapter"`
+}
+
+type EnforcerConfig struct {
+	ModelPath string
+	Adapter   *mongoadapter.Config
+}
+
+func getEnvValue(logger mlogger.Logger, varName, envVarName string, value, envValue *string) string {
+	if value != nil && envValue != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Both variable and environment variable are set, using environment variable value",
+			zap.String("variable", varName), zap.String("environment_variable", envVarName), zap.String("value", *value), zap.String("env_value", os.Getenv(*envValue)))
+	}
+
+	if envValue != nil {
+		return os.Getenv(*envValue)
+	}
+
+	if value != nil {
+		return *value
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+func getEnvIntValue(logger mlogger.Logger, varName, envVarName string, value *int, envValue *string) int {
+	if value != nil && envValue != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Both variable and environment variable are set, using environment variable value",
+			zap.String("variable", varName), zap.String("environment_variable", envVarName), zap.Int("value", *value), zap.String("env_value", os.Getenv(*envValue)))
+	}
+
+	if envValue != nil {
+		envStr := os.Getenv(*envValue)
+		if envStr != "" {
+			if parsed, err := time.ParseDuration(envStr + "s"); err == nil {
+				return int(parsed.Seconds())
+			}
+			logger.Warn("Invalid environment variable value for timeout", zap.String("environment_variable", envVarName), zap.String("value", envStr))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if value != nil {
+		return *value
+	}
+
+	return 30 // Default timeout in seconds
+}
+
+func getEnvBoolValue(logger mlogger.Logger, varName, envVarName string, value *bool, envValue *string) bool {
+	if value != nil && envValue != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Both variable and environment variable are set, using environment variable value",
+			zap.String("variable", varName), zap.String("environment_variable", envVarName), zap.Bool("value", *value), zap.String("env_value", os.Getenv(*envValue)))
+	}
+
+	if envValue != nil {
+		envStr := os.Getenv(*envValue)
+		switch envStr {
+		case "true", "1":
+			return true
+		case "false", "0":
+			return false
+		}
+		logger.Warn("Invalid environment variable value for boolean", zap.String("environment_variable", envVarName), zap.String("value", envStr))
+	}
+
+	if value != nil {
+		return *value
+	}
+
+	return false // Default for boolean
+}
+
+func PrepareConfig(logger mlogger.Logger, config *Config) (*EnforcerConfig, error) {
+	if config == nil {
+		return nil, merrors.Internal("No configuration provided")
+	}
+
+	adapter := &mongoadapter.Config{
+		DatabaseName:   getEnvValue(logger, "database_name", "database_name_env", config.Adapter.DatabaseName, config.Adapter.DatabaseNameEnv),
+		CollectionName: getEnvValue(logger, "collection_name", "collection_name_env", config.Adapter.CollectionName, config.Adapter.CollectionNameEnv),
+		Timeout:        time.Duration(getEnvIntValue(logger, "timeout_seconds", "timeout_seconds_env", config.Adapter.TimeoutSeconds, config.Adapter.TimeoutSecondsEnv)) * time.Second,
+		IsFiltered:     getEnvBoolValue(logger, "is_filtered", "is_filtered_env", config.Adapter.IsFiltered, config.Adapter.IsFilteredEnv),
+	}
+
+	if len(adapter.DatabaseName) == 0 {
+		logger.Error("Database name is not set")
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("database name must be provided", "adapter.databaseName")
+	}
+
+	path := getEnvValue(logger, "model_path", "model_path_env", config.ModelPath, config.ModelPathEnv)
+
+	logger.Info("Configuration prepared",
+		zap.String("model_path", path),
+		zap.String("database_name", adapter.DatabaseName),
+		zap.String("collection_name", adapter.CollectionName),
+		zap.Duration("timeout", adapter.Timeout),
+		zap.Bool("is_filtered", adapter.IsFiltered),
+	)
+
+	return &EnforcerConfig{ModelPath: path, Adapter: adapter}, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/enforcer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// casbin_enforcer.go
+package casbin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/anyobject"
+	cc "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/config"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"github.com/casbin/casbin/v3"
+	"github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// CasbinEnforcer implements the Enforcer interface using Casbin.
+type CasbinEnforcer struct {
+	logger               mlogger.Logger
+	enforcer             *casbin.Enforcer
+	roleSerializer       serialization.Role
+	permissionSerializer serialization.Policy
+}
+
+// NewCasbinEnforcer initializes a new CasbinEnforcer with a MongoDB adapter, logger, and PolicySerializer.
+// The 'domain' parameter is no longer stored internally, as the interface requires passing a domainRef per method call.
+func NewEnforcer(
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	client *mongo.Client,
+	settings model.SettingsT,
+) (*CasbinEnforcer, error) {
+	var config cc.Config
+	if err := mapstructure.Decode(settings, &config); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to decode Casbin configuration", zap.Error(err), zap.Any("settings", settings))
+		return nil, merrors.Internal("failed to decode Casbin configuration")
+	}
+
+	// Create a Casbin adapter + enforcer from your config and client.
+	l := logger.Named("enforcer")
+	e, err := createAdapter(l, &config, client)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to create Casbin enforcer", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, merrors.Internal("failed to create Casbin enforcer")
+	}
+
+	logger.Info("Casbin enforcer created")
+	return &CasbinEnforcer{
+		logger:               l,
+		enforcer:             e,
+		permissionSerializer: serialization.NewPolicySerializer(),
+		roleSerializer:       serialization.NewRoleSerializer(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Enforce checks if a user has the specified action permission on an object within a domain.
+func (c *CasbinEnforcer) Enforce(
+	_ context.Context,
+	permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID,
+	action model.Action,
+) (bool, error) {
+	// Convert ObjectIDs to strings for Casbin
+	account := accountRef.Hex()
+	organization := organizationRef.Hex()
+	permission := permissionRef.Hex()
+	object := anyobject.ID
+	if objectRef != bson.NilObjectID {
+		object = objectRef.Hex()
+	}
+	act := string(action)
+
+	c.logger.Debug("Enforcing policy",
+		zap.String("account", account), zap.String("organization", organization),
+		zap.String("permission", permission), zap.String("object", object),
+		zap.String("action", act))
+
+	// Perform the enforcement
+	result, err := c.enforcer.Enforce(account, organization, permission, object, act)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logger.Warn("Failed to enforce policy", zap.Error(err),
+			zap.String("account", account), zap.String("organization", organization),
+			zap.String("permission", permission), zap.String("object", object),
+			zap.String("action", act))
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	c.logger.Debug("Policy enforcement result", zap.Bool("result", result))
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// EnforceBatch checks a user’s permission for multiple objects at once.
+// It returns a map from objectRef -> boolean indicating whether access is granted.
+func (c *CasbinEnforcer) EnforceBatch(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	objectRefs []model.PermissionBoundStorable,
+	accountRef bson.ObjectID,
+	action model.Action,
+) (map[bson.ObjectID]bool, error) {
+	results := make(map[bson.ObjectID]bool, len(objectRefs))
+	for _, desc := range objectRefs {
+		ok, err := c.Enforce(ctx, desc.GetPermissionRef(), accountRef, desc.GetOrganizationRef(), *desc.GetID(), action)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.logger.Warn("Failed to enforce", zap.Error(err), mzap.PermissionRef(desc.GetPermissionRef()),
+				mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(desc.GetOrganizationRef()),
+				mzap.StorableRef(desc), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		results[*desc.GetID()] = ok
+	}
+
+	return results, nil
+}
+
+// GetRoles retrieves all roles assigned to the user within the domain.
+func (c *CasbinEnforcer) GetRoles(ctx context.Context, accountRef, orgRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, error) {
+	sub := accountRef.Hex()
+	dom := orgRef.Hex()
+
+	c.logger.Debug("Fetching roles for user", zap.String("subject", sub), zap.String("domain", dom))
+
+	// Get all roles for the user in the domain
+	sroles, err := c.enforcer.GetFilteredGroupingPolicy(0, sub, "", dom)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logger.Warn("Failed to get roles from policies", zap.Error(err),
+			zap.String("account_ref", sub), zap.String("organization_ref", dom),
+		)
+		return nil, merrors.Internal("failed to fetch roles from policies")
+	}
+
+	roles := make([]model.Role, 0, len(sroles))
+	for _, srole := range sroles {
+		role, err := c.roleSerializer.Deserialize(srole)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.logger.Warn("Failed to deserialize role", zap.Error(err))
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		roles = append(roles, *role)
+	}
+
+	c.logger.Debug("Roles fetched successfully", zap.Int("count", len(roles)))
+	return roles, nil
+}
+
+// GetPermissions retrieves all effective policies for the user within the domain.
+func (c *CasbinEnforcer) GetPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountRef, orgRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, []model.Permission, error) {
+	c.logger.Debug("Fetching policies for user", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(orgRef))
+
+	// Step 1: Retrieve all roles assigned to the user within the domain
+	roles, err := c.GetRoles(ctx, accountRef, orgRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logger.Warn("Failed to get roles", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Map to hold unique policies
+	permissionsMap := make(map[string]*model.Permission)
+	for _, role := range roles {
+		// Step 2a: Retrieve all policies associated with the role within the domain
+		policies, err := c.enforcer.GetFilteredPolicy(0, role.DescriptionRef.Hex())
+		if err != nil {
+			c.logger.Warn("Failed to get policies for role", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", role.DescriptionRef))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Step 2b: Process each policy to extract Permission, Action, and Effect
+		for _, policy := range policies {
+
+			if len(policy) < 5 {
+				c.logger.Warn("Incomplete policy encountered", zap.Strings("policy", policy))
+				continue // Ensure the policy line has enough fields
+			}
+
+			// Deserialize the policy using
+			deserializedPolicy, err := c.permissionSerializer.Deserialize(policy)
+			if err != nil {
+				c.logger.Warn("Failed to deserialize policy", zap.Error(err), zap.Strings("policy", policy))
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Construct a unique key combining Permission ID and Action to prevent duplicates
+			policyKey := deserializedPolicy.DescriptionRef.Hex() + ":" + string(deserializedPolicy.Effect.Action)
+			if _, exists := permissionsMap[policyKey]; exists {
+				continue // Policy-action pair already accounted for
+			}
+
+			// Add the Policy to the map
+			permissionsMap[policyKey] = &model.Permission{
+				RolePolicy: *deserializedPolicy,
+				AccountRef: accountRef,
+			}
+			c.logger.Debug("Policy added to policyMap", zap.Any("policy_key", policyKey))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Convert the map to a slice
+	permissions := make([]model.Permission, 0, len(permissionsMap))
+	for _, permission := range permissionsMap {
+		permissions = append(permissions, *permission)
+	}
+
+	c.logger.Debug("Permissions fetched successfully", zap.Int("count", len(permissions)))
+	return roles, permissions, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/factory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package casbin
+
+import (
+	cc "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/config"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/mongoadapter"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"github.com/casbin/casbin/v3"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func createAdapter(logger mlogger.Logger, config *cc.Config, client *mongo.Client) (*casbin.Enforcer, error) {
+	dbc, err := cc.PrepareConfig(logger, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to prepare database configuration", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	adapter, err := mongoadapter.New(client, dbc.Adapter)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to create DB adapter", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	e, err := casbin.NewEnforcer(dbc.ModelPath, adapter, NewCasbinLogger(logger))
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to create permissions enforcer", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	e.EnableAutoSave(true)
+
+	// No need to manually load policy. Casbin does it for us
+	return e, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package casbin
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// CasbinZapLogger wraps a zap.Logger to implement Casbin's Logger interface.
+type CasbinZapLogger struct {
+	logger mlogger.Logger
+}
+
+// NewCasbinLogger constructs a new CasbinZapLogger.
+func NewCasbinLogger(logger mlogger.Logger) *CasbinZapLogger {
+	return &CasbinZapLogger{
+		logger: logger.Named("driver"),
+	}
+}
+
+// EnableLog enables or disables logging.
+func (l *CasbinZapLogger) EnableLog(_ bool) {
+	// ignore
+}
+
+// IsEnabled returns whether logging is currently enabled.
+func (l *CasbinZapLogger) IsEnabled() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// LogModel is called by Casbin when loading model settings (you can customize if you want).
+func (l *CasbinZapLogger) LogModel(m [][]string) {
+	l.logger.Info("Model loaded", zap.Any("model", m))
+}
+
+func (l *CasbinZapLogger) LogPolicy(m map[string][][]string) {
+	l.logger.Info("Policy loaded", zap.Int("entries", len(m)))
+}
+
+func (l *CasbinZapLogger) LogError(err error, msg ...string) {
+	// If no custom message was passed, log a generic one
+	if len(msg) == 0 {
+		l.logger.Warn("Error occurred", zap.Error(err))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, join any provided messages and include them
+	l.logger.Warn(strings.Join(msg, " "), zap.Error(err))
+}
+
+// LogEnforce is called by Casbin to log each Enforce() call if logging is enabled.
+func (l *CasbinZapLogger) LogEnforce(matcher string, request []any, result bool, explains [][]string) {
+	l.logger.Debug("Enforcing policy...", zap.String("matcher", matcher), zap.Any("request", request),
+		zap.Bool("result", result), zap.Any("explains", explains))
+}
+
+// LogRole is called by Casbin when role manager adds or deletes a role.
+func (l *CasbinZapLogger) LogRole(roles []string) {
+	l.logger.Debug("Changing roles...", zap.Strings("roles", roles))
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// package casbin
+
+package casbin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/management"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/policy"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/role"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// CasbinManager implements the auth.Manager interface by aggregating Role and Permission managers.
+type CasbinManager struct {
+	logger      mlogger.Logger
+	roleManager management.Role
+	permManager management.Permission
+}
+
+// NewManager creates a new CasbinManager with specified domains and role-domain mappings.
+func NewManager(
+	l mlogger.Logger,
+	pdb policy.DB,
+	rdb role.DB,
+	enforcer *CasbinEnforcer,
+	settings model.SettingsT,
+) (*CasbinManager, error) {
+	logger := l.Named("manager")
+
+	var pdesc model.PolicyDescription
+	if err := pdb.GetBuiltInPolicy(context.Background(), "roles", &pdesc); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to fetch roles permission reference", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &CasbinManager{
+		logger:      logger,
+		roleManager: NewRoleManager(logger, enforcer, pdesc.ID, rdb),
+		permManager: NewPermissionManager(logger, enforcer),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Permission returns the Permission manager.
+func (m *CasbinManager) Permission() management.Permission {
+	return m.permManager
+}
+
+// Role returns the Role manager.
+func (m *CasbinManager) Role() management.Role {
+	return m.roleManager
+}
+
+// TransactionalGrants reports that casbin grants live in the enforcer's memory
+// until Save rewrites the whole policy store: they neither respect a Mongo
+// transaction context nor survive concurrent Save calls from other instances.
+func (m *CasbinManager) TransactionalGrants() bool {
+	return false
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/mongoadapter/adapter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+package mongoadapter
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/casbin/casbin/v3/model"
+	"github.com/casbin/casbin/v3/persist"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo/options"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultDatabaseName   = "casbin"
+	defaultCollectionName = "casbin_rule"
+	defaultTimeout        = 30 * time.Second
+)
+
+var (
+	_ persist.BatchAdapter     = (*Adapter)(nil)
+	_ persist.FilteredAdapter  = (*Adapter)(nil)
+	_ persist.UpdatableAdapter = (*Adapter)(nil)
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+	DatabaseName   string
+	CollectionName string
+	Timeout        time.Duration
+	IsFiltered     bool
+}
+
+type Rule struct {
+	PType string
+	V0    string
+	V1    string
+	V2    string
+	V3    string
+	V4    string
+	V5    string
+}
+
+type Adapter struct {
+	collection *mongo.Collection
+	timeout    time.Duration
+	filtered   bool
+}
+
+func New(client *mongo.Client, config *Config) (*Adapter, error) {
+	if config == nil {
+		config = &Config{}
+	}
+
+	databaseName := config.DatabaseName
+	if databaseName == "" {
+		databaseName = defaultDatabaseName
+	}
+	collectionName := config.CollectionName
+	if collectionName == "" {
+		collectionName = defaultCollectionName
+	}
+	timeout := config.Timeout
+	if timeout == 0 {
+		timeout = defaultTimeout
+	}
+
+	adapter := &Adapter{
+		collection: client.Database(databaseName).Collection(collectionName),
+		timeout:    timeout,
+		filtered:   config.IsFiltered,
+	}
+	if err := adapter.prepareIndexes(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return adapter, nil
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) prepareIndexes() error {
+	keys := bson.D{
+		{Key: "ptype", Value: 1},
+		{Key: "v0", Value: 1},
+		{Key: "v1", Value: 1},
+		{Key: "v2", Value: 1},
+		{Key: "v3", Value: 1},
+		{Key: "v4", Value: 1},
+		{Key: "v5", Value: 1},
+	}
+
+	_, err := a.collection.Indexes().CreateOne(
+		context.Background(),
+		mongo.IndexModel{
+			Keys:    keys,
+			Options: options.Index().SetUnique(true),
+		},
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) withTimeout() (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	return context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), a.timeout)
+}
+
+func loadPolicyLine(line Rule, m model.Model) error {
+	policy := line.policyWithType()
+	for len(policy) > 0 && policy[len(policy)-1] == "" {
+		policy = policy[:len(policy)-1]
+	}
+	if len(policy) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return persist.LoadPolicyArray(policy, m)
+}
+
+func (r Rule) policyWithType() []string {
+	return []string{r.PType, r.V0, r.V1, r.V2, r.V3, r.V4, r.V5}
+}
+
+func (r Rule) policyValues() []string {
+	values := []string{r.V0, r.V1, r.V2, r.V3, r.V4, r.V5}
+	for len(values) > 0 && values[len(values)-1] == "" {
+		values = values[:len(values)-1]
+	}
+	return values
+}
+
+func ruleFromPolicy(ptype string, policy []string) Rule {
+	rule := Rule{PType: ptype}
+	if len(policy) > 0 {
+		rule.V0 = policy[0]
+	}
+	if len(policy) > 1 {
+		rule.V1 = policy[1]
+	}
+	if len(policy) > 2 {
+		rule.V2 = policy[2]
+	}
+	if len(policy) > 3 {
+		rule.V3 = policy[3]
+	}
+	if len(policy) > 4 {
+		rule.V4 = policy[4]
+	}
+	if len(policy) > 5 {
+		rule.V5 = policy[5]
+	}
+	return rule
+}
+
+func rulesFromPolicies(ptype string, policies [][]string) []Rule {
+	rules := make([]Rule, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		rules = append(rules, ruleFromPolicy(ptype, policy))
+	}
+	return rules
+}
+
+func rulesAsDocuments(rules []Rule) []any {
+	docs := make([]any, 0, len(rules))
+	for _, rule := range rules {
+		docs = append(docs, rule)
+	}
+	return docs
+}
+
+func selectorForPolicy(ptype string, fieldIndex int, fieldValues ...string) bson.M {
+	selector := bson.M{"ptype": ptype}
+	fields := []string{"v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5"}
+	for i, fieldValue := range fieldValues {
+		if fieldValue == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		field := fieldIndex + i
+		if field < 0 || field >= len(fields) {
+			continue
+		}
+		selector[fields[field]] = fieldValue
+	}
+	return selector
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) LoadPolicy(m model.Model) error {
+	return a.LoadFilteredPolicy(m, nil)
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) LoadFilteredPolicy(m model.Model, filter any) error {
+	if filter == nil {
+		a.filtered = false
+		filter = bson.D{}
+	} else {
+		a.filtered = true
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cursor, err := a.collection.Find(ctx, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = cursor.Close(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	for cursor.Next(ctx) {
+		var line Rule
+		if err := cursor.Decode(&line); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := loadPolicyLine(line, m); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return cursor.Err()
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) IsFiltered() bool {
+	return a.filtered
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) SavePolicy(m model.Model) error {
+	if a.filtered {
+		return merrors.Define("cannot save a filtered policy")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if _, err := a.collection.DeleteMany(ctx, bson.D{}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var docs []any
+	for ptype, ast := range m["p"] {
+		docs = append(docs, rulesAsDocuments(rulesFromPolicies(ptype, ast.Policy))...)
+	}
+	for ptype, ast := range m["g"] {
+		docs = append(docs, rulesAsDocuments(rulesFromPolicies(ptype, ast.Policy))...)
+	}
+	if len(docs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, err := a.collection.InsertMany(ctx, docs)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) AddPolicy(_ string, ptype string, policy []string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := a.collection.InsertOne(ctx, ruleFromPolicy(ptype, policy))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) AddPolicies(_ string, ptype string, policies [][]string) error {
+	if len(policies) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := a.collection.InsertMany(ctx, rulesAsDocuments(rulesFromPolicies(ptype, policies)))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) RemovePolicy(_ string, ptype string, policy []string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := a.collection.DeleteOne(ctx, ruleFromPolicy(ptype, policy))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) RemovePolicies(_ string, ptype string, policies [][]string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	for _, rule := range rulesFromPolicies(ptype, policies) {
+		if _, err := a.collection.DeleteOne(ctx, rule); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) RemoveFilteredPolicy(_ string, ptype string, fieldIndex int, fieldValues ...string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := a.collection.DeleteMany(ctx, selectorForPolicy(ptype, fieldIndex, fieldValues...))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) UpdatePolicy(_ string, ptype string, oldPolicy, newPolicy []string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := a.collection.ReplaceOne(ctx, ruleFromPolicy(ptype, oldPolicy), ruleFromPolicy(ptype, newPolicy))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) UpdatePolicies(_ string, ptype string, oldPolicies, newPolicies [][]string) error {
+	if len(oldPolicies) != len(newPolicies) {
+		return merrors.Define("old and new policy counts differ")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	for i := range oldPolicies {
+		if _, err := a.collection.ReplaceOne(ctx, ruleFromPolicy(ptype, oldPolicies[i]), ruleFromPolicy(ptype, newPolicies[i])); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) UpdateFilteredPolicies(_ string, ptype string, newPolicies [][]string, fieldIndex int, fieldValues ...string) ([][]string, error) {
+	ctx, cancel := a.withTimeout()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	selector := selectorForPolicy(ptype, fieldIndex, fieldValues...)
+	cursor, err := a.collection.Find(ctx, selector)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var oldPolicies [][]string
+	for cursor.Next(ctx) {
+		var line Rule
+		if err := cursor.Decode(&line); err != nil {
+			_ = cursor.Close(ctx)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		oldPolicies = append(oldPolicies, line.policyValues())
+	}
+	if err := cursor.Close(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := cursor.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := a.collection.DeleteMany(ctx, selector); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(newPolicies) == 0 {
+		return oldPolicies, nil
+	}
+
+	if _, err := a.collection.InsertMany(ctx, rulesAsDocuments(rulesFromPolicies(ptype, newPolicies))); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return oldPolicies, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/mongoadapter/adapter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package mongoadapter
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/casbin/casbin/v3/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+func TestRuleFromPolicyTrimsOnlyTrailingEmptyValues(t *testing.T) {
+	rule := ruleFromPolicy("p", []string{"role", "org", "", "object", ""})
+
+	if got, want := rule.PType, "p"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("PType = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := rule.policyValues(), []string{"role", "org", "", "object"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("policyValues() = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectorForPolicySkipsEmptyAndOutOfRangeFields(t *testing.T) {
+	got := selectorForPolicy("p", 1, "role", "", "object", "read", "ignored", "ignored")
+	want := bson.M{
+		"ptype": "p",
+		"v1":    "role",
+		"v3":    "object",
+		"v4":    "read",
+		"v5":    "ignored",
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("selectorForPolicy() = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadPolicyLineAddsPolicyToModel(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := model.NewModelFromString(`
+[request_definition]
+r = sub, obj, act
+
+[policy_definition]
+p = sub, obj, act
+
+[policy_effect]
+e = some(where (p.eft == allow))
+
+[matchers]
+m = r.sub == p.sub && r.obj == p.obj && r.act == p.act
+`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewModelFromString() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = loadPolicyLine(Rule{PType: "p", V0: "alice", V1: "data1", V2: "read"}, m)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("loadPolicyLine() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := m.GetPolicy("p", "p")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetPolicy() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	want := [][]string{{"alice", "data1", "read"}}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("GetPolicy() = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/permissions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package casbin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/anyobject"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// CasbinPermissionManager manages permissions using Casbin.
+type CasbinPermissionManager struct {
+	logger     mlogger.Logger       // Logger for logging operations
+	enforcer   *CasbinEnforcer      // Casbin enforcer for managing policies
+	serializer serialization.Policy // Serializer for converting policies to/from Casbin
+}
+
+// GrantToRole adds a permission to a role in Casbin.
+func (m *CasbinPermissionManager) GrantToRole(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error {
+	objRef := anyobject.ID
+	if (policy.ObjectRef != nil) && (*policy.ObjectRef != bson.NilObjectID) {
+		objRef = policy.ObjectRef.Hex()
+	}
+
+	m.logger.Debug("Granting permission to role",
+		mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+		mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef),
+		zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		zap.String("action", string(policy.Effect.Action)),
+		zap.String("effect", string(policy.Effect.Effect)),
+	)
+
+	// Serialize permission
+	serializedPolicy, err := m.serializer.Serialize(policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error("Failed to serialize permission while granting permission", zap.Error(err),
+			mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(policy.OrganizationRef),
+		)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Add policy to Casbin
+	added, err := m.enforcer.enforcer.AddPolicy(serializedPolicy...)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error("Failed to add policy to Casbin", zap.Error(err))
+		return err
+	}
+	if added {
+		m.logger.Info("Policy added to Casbin",
+			mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef),
+			zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		)
+	} else {
+		m.logger.Warn("Policy already exists in Casbin",
+			mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef),
+			zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RevokeFromRole removes a permission from a role in Casbin.
+func (m *CasbinPermissionManager) RevokeFromRole(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error {
+	objRef := anyobject.ID
+	if policy.ObjectRef != nil {
+		objRef = policy.ObjectRef.Hex()
+	}
+	m.logger.Debug("Revoking permission from role",
+		mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+		mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef),
+		zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		zap.String("action", string(policy.Effect.Action)),
+		zap.String("effect", string(policy.Effect.Effect)),
+	)
+
+	// Serialize policy
+	serializedPolicy, err := m.serializer.Serialize(policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error("Failed to serialize policy while revoking permission from role",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("policy_ref", policy.DescriptionRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Remove policy from Casbin
+	removed, err := m.enforcer.enforcer.RemovePolicy(serializedPolicy...)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error("Failed to remove policy from Casbin", zap.Error(err))
+		return err
+	}
+	if removed {
+		m.logger.Info("Policy removed from Casbin",
+			mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef),
+			zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		)
+	} else {
+		m.logger.Warn("Policy does not exist in Casbin",
+			mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef),
+			zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetPolicies retrieves all policies for a specific role.
+func (m *CasbinPermissionManager) GetPolicies(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	roleRef bson.ObjectID,
+) ([]model.RolePolicy, error) {
+	m.logger.Debug("Fetching policies for role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+
+	// Retrieve Casbin policies for the role
+	policies, err := m.enforcer.enforcer.GetFilteredPolicy(0, roleRef.Hex())
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Warn("Failed to get policies", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(policies) == 0 {
+		m.logger.Info("No policies found for role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return nil, merrors.NoData("no policies")
+	}
+
+	// Deserialize policies
+	var result []model.RolePolicy
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		permission, err := m.serializer.Deserialize(policy)
+		if err != nil {
+			m.logger.Warn("Failed to deserialize policy", zap.Error(err), zap.String("policy", policy[0]))
+			continue
+		}
+		result = append(result, *permission)
+	}
+
+	m.logger.Debug("Policies fetched successfully", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), zap.Int("count", len(result)))
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// Save persists changes to the Casbin policy store.
+func (m *CasbinPermissionManager) Save() error {
+	if err := m.enforcer.enforcer.SavePolicy(); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error("Failed to save policies in Casbin", zap.Error(err))
+		return err
+	}
+	m.logger.Info("Policies successfully saved in Casbin")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func NewPermissionManager(logger mlogger.Logger, enforcer *CasbinEnforcer) *CasbinPermissionManager {
+	return &CasbinPermissionManager{
+		logger:     logger.Named("permission"),
+		enforcer:   enforcer,
+		serializer: serialization.NewPolicySerializer(),
+	}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/role.go

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package casbin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/role"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// RoleManager manages roles using Casbin.
+type RoleManager struct {
+	logger            mlogger.Logger
+	enforcer          *CasbinEnforcer
+	rdb               role.DB
+	rolePermissionRef bson.ObjectID
+}
+
+// NewRoleManager creates a new RoleManager.
+func NewRoleManager(logger mlogger.Logger, enforcer *CasbinEnforcer, rolePermissionRef bson.ObjectID, rdb role.DB) *RoleManager {
+	return &RoleManager{
+		logger:            logger.Named("role"),
+		enforcer:          enforcer,
+		rdb:               rdb,
+		rolePermissionRef: rolePermissionRef,
+	}
+}
+
+// validateObjectIDs ensures that all provided ObjectIDs are non-zero.
+func (rm *RoleManager) validateObjectIDs(ids ...bson.ObjectID) error {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if id.IsZero() {
+			return merrors.InvalidArgument("Object references cannot be zero", "objectRef")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// removePolicies removes policies based on the provided filter and logs the results.
+func (rm *RoleManager) removePolicies(policyType, role string, roleRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	filterIndex := 1
+	if policyType == "permission" {
+		filterIndex = 0
+	}
+	policies, err := rm.enforcer.enforcer.GetFilteredPolicy(filterIndex, role)
+	if err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch "+policyType+" policies", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		args := make([]any, len(policy))
+		for i, v := range policy {
+			args[i] = v
+		}
+		var removed bool
+		var removeErr error
+		if policyType == "grouping" {
+			removed, removeErr = rm.enforcer.enforcer.RemoveGroupingPolicy(args...)
+		} else {
+			removed, removeErr = rm.enforcer.enforcer.RemovePolicy(args...)
+		}
+
+		if removeErr != nil {
+			rm.logger.Warn("Failed to remove "+policyType+" policy for role", zap.Error(removeErr), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), zap.Strings("policy", policy))
+			return removeErr
+		}
+		if removed {
+			rm.logger.Info("Removed "+policyType+" policy for role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), zap.Strings("policy", policy))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fetchRolesFromPolicies retrieves and converts policies to roles.
+func (rm *RoleManager) fetchRolesFromPolicies(policies [][]string, orgRef bson.ObjectID) []model.RoleDescription {
+	roles := make([]model.RoleDescription, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if len(policy) < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		roleID, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			rm.logger.Warn("Invalid role ID", zap.String("roleID", policy[1]))
+			continue
+		}
+		roles = append(roles, model.RoleDescription{Base: storable.Base{ID: roleID}, OrganizationRef: orgRef})
+	}
+	return roles
+}
+
+// Create creates a new role in an organization.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Create(ctx context.Context, orgRef bson.ObjectID, description *model.Describable) (*model.RoleDescription, error) {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(orgRef); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	role := &model.RoleDescription{
+		Describable:     *description,
+		OrganizationRef: orgRef,
+	}
+	if err := rm.rdb.Create(ctx, role); err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to create role", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("organiztion_ref", orgRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	rm.logger.Info("Role created successfully", mzap.StorableRef(role), mzap.OrgRef(orgRef))
+	return role, nil
+}
+
+// Assign assigns a role to a user in the given organization.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Assign(ctx context.Context, role *model.Role) error {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(role.DescriptionRef, role.AccountRef, role.OrganizationRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	sub := role.AccountRef.Hex()
+	roleID := role.DescriptionRef.Hex()
+	domain := role.OrganizationRef.Hex()
+
+	added, err := rm.enforcer.enforcer.AddGroupingPolicy(sub, roleID, domain)
+	return rm.logPolicyResult("assign", added, err, role.DescriptionRef, role.AccountRef, role.OrganizationRef)
+}
+
+// Delete removes a role entirely and cleans up associated Casbin policies.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Delete(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(roleRef); err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to delete role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := rm.rdb.Delete(ctx, roleRef); err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to delete role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	role := roleRef.Hex()
+
+	// Remove grouping policies
+	if err := rm.removePolicies("grouping", role, roleRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Remove permission policies
+	if err := rm.removePolicies("permission", role, roleRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// // Save changes
+	// if err := rm.enforcer.enforcer.SavePolicy(); err != nil {
+	// 	rm.logger.Warn("Failed to save Casbin policies after role deletion",
+	// 		zap.Error(err),
+	// 		mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef),
+	// 	)
+	// 	return err
+	// }
+
+	rm.logger.Info("Role deleted successfully along with associated policies", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Revoke removes a role from a user.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Revoke(ctx context.Context, roleRef, accountRef, orgRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(roleRef, accountRef, orgRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	sub := accountRef.Hex()
+	role := roleRef.Hex()
+	domain := orgRef.Hex()
+
+	removed, err := rm.enforcer.enforcer.RemoveGroupingPolicy(sub, role, domain)
+	return rm.logPolicyResult("revoke", removed, err, roleRef, accountRef, orgRef)
+}
+
+// logPolicyResult logs results for Assign and Revoke.
+func (rm *RoleManager) logPolicyResult(action string, result bool, err error, roleRef, accountRef, orgRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to "+action+" role", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(orgRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	msg := "Role " + action + "ed successfully"
+	if !result {
+		msg = "Role already " + action + "ed"
+	}
+	rm.logger.Info(msg, mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(orgRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// List retrieves all roles in an organization or all roles if orgRef is zero.
+func (rm *RoleManager) List(ctx context.Context, orgRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.RoleDescription, error) {
+	domain := orgRef.Hex()
+	groupingPolicies, err := rm.enforcer.enforcer.GetFilteredGroupingPolicy(2, domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch grouping policies", zap.Error(err), mzap.OrgRef(orgRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	roles := rm.fetchRolesFromPolicies(groupingPolicies, orgRef)
+
+	rm.logger.Info("Retrieved roles for organization", mzap.OrgRef(orgRef), zap.Int("count", len(roles)))
+	return roles, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization/internal/policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package serializationimp
+
+import (
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/anyobject"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// PolicySerializer implements CasbinSerializer for Permission.
+type PolicySerializer struct{}
+
+// Serialize converts a Permission object into a Casbin policy.
+func (s *PolicySerializer) Serialize(entity *model.RolePolicy) ([]any, error) {
+	if entity.RoleDescriptionRef.IsZero() ||
+		entity.OrganizationRef.IsZero() ||
+		entity.DescriptionRef.IsZero() || // Ensure permissionRef is valid
+		entity.Effect.Action == "" || // Ensure action is not empty
+		entity.Effect.Effect == "" { // Ensure effect (eft) is not empty
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("permission contains invalid object references or missing fields")
+	}
+
+	objectRef := anyobject.ID
+	if entity.ObjectRef != nil {
+		objectRef = entity.ObjectRef.Hex()
+	}
+
+	return []any{
+		entity.RoleDescriptionRef.Hex(), // Maps to p.roleRef
+		entity.OrganizationRef.Hex(),    // Maps to p.organizationRef
+		entity.DescriptionRef.Hex(),     // Maps to p.permissionRef
+		objectRef,                       // Maps to p.objectRef (wildcard if empty)
+		string(entity.Effect.Action),    // Maps to p.action
+		string(entity.Effect.Effect),    // Maps to p.eft
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Deserialize converts a Casbin policy into a Permission object.
+func (s *PolicySerializer) Deserialize(policy []string) (*model.RolePolicy, error) {
+	if len(policy) != 6 { // Ensure policy has the correct number of fields
+		return nil, merrors.Internal("invalid policy format")
+	}
+
+	roleRef, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("invalid roleRef in policy")
+	}
+
+	organizationRef, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("invalid organizationRef in policy")
+	}
+
+	permissionRef, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[2])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("invalid permissionRef in policy")
+	}
+
+	// Handle wildcard for ObjectRef
+	var objectRef *bson.ObjectID
+	if policy[3] != anyobject.ID {
+		ref, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[3])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("invalid objectRef in policy")
+		}
+		objectRef = &ref
+	}
+
+	return &model.RolePolicy{
+		RoleDescriptionRef: roleRef,
+		Policy: model.Policy{
+			OrganizationRef: organizationRef,
+			DescriptionRef:  permissionRef,
+			ObjectRef:       objectRef,
+			Effect: model.ActionEffect{
+				Action: model.Action(policy[4]),
+				Effect: model.Effect(policy[5]),
+			},
+		},
+	}, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization/internal/role.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package serializationimp
+
+import (
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// RoleSerializer implements CasbinSerializer for Role.
+type RoleSerializer struct{}
+
+// Serialize converts a Role object into a Casbin grouping policy.
+func (s *RoleSerializer) Serialize(entity *model.Role) ([]any, error) {
+	// Validate required fields
+	if entity.AccountRef.IsZero() || entity.DescriptionRef.IsZero() || entity.OrganizationRef.IsZero() {
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("role contains invalid object references")
+	}
+
+	return []any{
+		entity.AccountRef.Hex(),      // Maps to g(_, _, _) accountRef
+		entity.DescriptionRef.Hex(),  // Maps to g(_, _, _) roleRef
+		entity.OrganizationRef.Hex(), // Maps to g(_, _, _) organizationRef
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Deserialize converts a Casbin grouping policy into a Role object.
+func (s *RoleSerializer) Deserialize(policy []string) (*model.Role, error) {
+	// Ensure the policy has exactly 3 fields
+	if len(policy) != 3 {
+		return nil, merrors.Internal("invalid grouping policy format")
+	}
+
+	// Parse accountRef
+	accountRef, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("invalid accountRef in grouping policy")
+	}
+
+	// Parse roleDescriptionRef (roleRef)
+	roleDescriptionRef, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("invalid roleRef in grouping policy")
+	}
+
+	// Parse organizationRef
+	organizationRef, err := bson.ObjectIDFromHex(policy[2])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, merrors.InvalidArgument("invalid organizationRef in grouping policy")
+	}
+
+	// Return the constructed Role object
+	return &model.Role{
+		AccountRef:      accountRef,
+		DescriptionRef:  roleDescriptionRef,
+		OrganizationRef: organizationRef,
+	}, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization/policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package serialization
+
+import (
+	serializationimp "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization/internal"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+)
+
+type Policy = CasbinSerializer[model.RolePolicy]
+
+func NewPolicySerializer() Policy {
+	return &serializationimp.PolicySerializer{}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization/role.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package serialization
+
+import (
+	serializationimp "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization/internal"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+)
+
+type Role = CasbinSerializer[model.Role]
+
+func NewRoleSerializer() Role {
+	return &serializationimp.RoleSerializer{}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/casbin/serialization/serializer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package serialization
+
+// CasbinSerializer defines methods for serializing and deserializing any Casbin-compatible entity.
+type CasbinSerializer[T any] interface {
+	// Serialize converts an entity (Role or Permission) into a Casbin policy.
+	Serialize(entity *T) ([]any, error)
+
+	// Deserialize converts a Casbin policy into an entity (Role or Permission).
+	Deserialize(policy []string) (*T, error)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/db/policies.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package db
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	ri "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/index"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	mutil "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/db"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type PermissionsDBImp struct {
+	template.DBImp[*nstructures.PolicyAssignment]
+}
+
+func (db *PermissionsDBImp) Policies(ctx context.Context, object model.PermissionBoundStorable, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	return mutil.GetObjects[nstructures.PolicyAssignment](
+		ctx,
+		db.Logger,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Filter("policy.organizationRef", object.GetOrganizationRef()),
+			repository.Filter("policy.descriptionRef", object.GetPermissionRef()),
+			repository.Filter("policy.effect.action", action),
+			repository.Query().Or(
+				repository.Filter("policy.objectRef", *object.GetID()),
+				repository.Filter("policy.objectRef", nil),
+			),
+		),
+		nil,
+		db.Repository,
+	)
+}
+
+func (db *PermissionsDBImp) PoliciesForPermissionAction(ctx context.Context, roleRef, permissionRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	return mutil.GetObjects[nstructures.PolicyAssignment](
+		ctx,
+		db.Logger,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Filter("roleRef", roleRef),
+			repository.Filter("policy.descriptionRef", permissionRef),
+			repository.Filter("policy.effect.action", action),
+		),
+		nil,
+		db.Repository,
+	)
+}
+
+func (db *PermissionsDBImp) Remove(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error {
+	objRefFilter := repository.Query().Or(
+		repository.Filter("policy.objectRef", nil),
+		repository.Filter("policy.objectRef", bson.NilObjectID),
+	)
+	if policy.ObjectRef != nil {
+		objRefFilter = repository.Filter("policy.objectRef", *policy.ObjectRef)
+	}
+	return db.Repository.DeleteMany(
+		ctx,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Filter("roleRef", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			repository.Filter("policy.organizationRef", policy.OrganizationRef),
+			repository.Filter("policy.descriptionRef", policy.DescriptionRef),
+			objRefFilter,
+			repository.Filter("policy.effect.action", policy.Effect.Action),
+			repository.Filter("policy.effect.effect", policy.Effect.Effect),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+func (db *PermissionsDBImp) PoliciesForRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	return mutil.GetObjects[nstructures.PolicyAssignment](
+		ctx,
+		db.Logger,
+		repository.Filter("roleRef", roleRef),
+		nil,
+		db.Repository,
+	)
+}
+
+func (db *PermissionsDBImp) PoliciesForRoles(ctx context.Context, roleRefs []bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	if len(roleRefs) == 0 {
+		db.Logger.Debug("Empty role references list provided, returning empty resposnse")
+		return []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{}, nil
+	}
+	return mutil.GetObjects[nstructures.PolicyAssignment](
+		ctx,
+		db.Logger,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Query().In(repository.Field("roleRef"), roleRefs),
+			repository.Filter("policy.effect.action", action),
+		),
+		nil,
+		db.Repository,
+	)
+}
+
+func NewPoliciesDB(logger mlogger.Logger, db *mongo.Database) (*PermissionsDBImp, error) {
+	p := &PermissionsDBImp{
+		DBImp: *template.Create[*nstructures.PolicyAssignment](logger, mservice.PolicyAssignements, db),
+	}
+
+	// faster
+	// harder
+	// index
+	policiesQueryIndex := &ri.Definition{
+		Keys: []ri.Key{
+			{Field: "policy.organizationRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "policy.descriptionRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "policy.effect.action", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "policy.objectRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+		},
+	}
+	if err := p.Repository.CreateIndex(policiesQueryIndex); err != nil {
+		p.Logger.Warn("Failed to prepare policies query index", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	roleBasedQueriesIndex := &ri.Definition{
+		Keys: []ri.Key{
+			{Field: "roleRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "policy.effect.action", Sort: ri.Asc},
+		},
+	}
+	if err := p.Repository.CreateIndex(roleBasedQueriesIndex); err != nil {
+		p.Logger.Warn("Failed to prepare role based query index", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	uniquePolicyConstaint := &ri.Definition{
+		Keys: []ri.Key{
+			{Field: "policy.organizationRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "roleRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "policy.descriptionRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "policy.effect.action", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "policy.objectRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+		},
+		Unique: true,
+	}
+	if err := p.Repository.CreateIndex(uniquePolicyConstaint); err != nil {
+		p.Logger.Warn("Failed to unique policy assignment index", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return p, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/db/roles.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package db
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository"
+	ri "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/index"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	mutil "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/db"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type RolesDBImp struct {
+	template.DBImp[*nstructures.RoleAssignment]
+}
+
+func (db *RolesDBImp) Roles(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error) {
+	return mutil.GetObjects[nstructures.RoleAssignment](
+		ctx,
+		db.Logger,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Filter("role.accountRef", accountRef),
+			repository.Filter("role.organizationRef", organizationRef),
+		),
+		nil,
+		db.Repository,
+	)
+}
+
+func (db *RolesDBImp) RolesForVenue(ctx context.Context, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error) {
+	return mutil.GetObjects[nstructures.RoleAssignment](
+		ctx,
+		db.Logger,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Filter("role.organizationRef", organizationRef),
+		),
+		nil,
+		db.Repository,
+	)
+}
+
+func (db *RolesDBImp) DeleteRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	return db.DeleteMany(
+		ctx,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Filter("role.descriptionRef", roleRef),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+func (db *RolesDBImp) RemoveRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef, organizationRef, accountRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	return db.DeleteMany(
+		ctx,
+		repository.Query().And(
+			repository.Filter("role.accountRef", accountRef),
+			repository.Filter("role.organizationRef", organizationRef),
+			repository.Filter("role.descriptionRef", roleRef),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+func NewRolesDB(logger mlogger.Logger, db *mongo.Database) (*RolesDBImp, error) {
+	p := &RolesDBImp{
+		DBImp: *template.Create[*nstructures.RoleAssignment](logger, "role_assignments", db),
+	}
+
+	if err := p.Repository.CreateIndex(&ri.Definition{
+		Keys: []ri.Key{{Field: "role.organizationRef", Sort: ri.Asc}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		p.Logger.Warn("Failed to prepare venue index", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := p.Repository.CreateIndex(&ri.Definition{
+		Keys: []ri.Key{{Field: "role.descriptionRef", Sort: ri.Asc}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		p.Logger.Warn("Failed to prepare role description index", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	uniqueRoleConstaint := &ri.Definition{
+		Keys: []ri.Key{
+			{Field: "role.organizationRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "role.accountRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+			{Field: "role.descriptionRef", Sort: ri.Asc},
+		},
+		Unique: true,
+	}
+	if err := p.Repository.CreateIndex(uniqueRoleConstaint); err != nil {
+		p.Logger.Warn("Failed to prepare role assignment index", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return p, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/dbpolicies.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/db"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+)
+
+type PoliciesDB interface {
+	template.DB[*nstructures.PolicyAssignment]
+	// plenty of interfaces for performance reasons
+	Policies(ctx context.Context, object model.PermissionBoundStorable, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error)
+	PoliciesForPermissionAction(ctx context.Context, roleRef, permissionRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error)
+	PoliciesForRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error)
+	PoliciesForRoles(ctx context.Context, roleRefs []bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error)
+	Remove(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error
+}
+
+func NewPoliciesDBDB(logger mlogger.Logger, conn *mongo.Database) (PoliciesDB, error) {
+	return db.NewPoliciesDB(logger, conn)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/dbroles.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/db"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/template"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+)
+
+type RolesDB interface {
+	template.DB[*nstructures.RoleAssignment]
+	Roles(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error)
+	RolesForVenue(ctx context.Context, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error)
+	RemoveRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef, organizationRef, accountRef bson.ObjectID) error
+	DeleteRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) error
+}
+
+func NewRolesDB(logger mlogger.Logger, conn *mongo.Database) (RolesDB, error) {
+	return db.NewRolesDB(logger, conn)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/enforcer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/mongo"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type Enforcer struct {
+	logger mlogger.Logger
+	pdb    PoliciesDB
+	rdb    RolesDB
+}
+
+func NewEnforcer(
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+	db *mongo.Database,
+) (*Enforcer, error) {
+	e := &Enforcer{logger: logger.Named("enforcer")}
+
+	var err error
+	if e.pdb, err = NewPoliciesDBDB(e.logger, db); err != nil {
+		e.logger.Warn("Failed to create permission assignments database", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if e.rdb, err = NewRolesDB(e.logger, db); err != nil {
+		e.logger.Warn("Failed to create role assignments database", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	logger.Info("Native enforcer created")
+	return e, nil
+}
+
+// Enforce checks if a user has the specified action permission on an object within a domain.
+func (n *Enforcer) Enforce(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID,
+	action model.Action,
+) (bool, error) {
+	if organizationRef.IsZero() {
+		n.logger.Warn("Missing organization context", mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), mzap.PermissionRef(permissionRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return false, merrors.InvalidArgument("organization context missing", "organizationRef")
+	}
+	roleAssignments, err := n.rdb.Roles(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+	if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrNoData) {
+		n.logger.Debug("No roles defined for account", mzap.AccRef(accountRef))
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		n.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch roles while checking permissions", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), mzap.PermissionRef(permissionRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if len(roleAssignments) == 0 {
+		n.logger.Warn("No roles found for account", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+			mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), mzap.PermissionRef(permissionRef),
+			mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+		return false, merrors.Internal("No roles found for account " + accountRef.Hex())
+	}
+	allowFound := false // Track if any allow is found across roles
+
+	for _, roleAssignment := range roleAssignments {
+		policies, err := n.pdb.PoliciesForPermissionAction(ctx, roleAssignment.DescriptionRef, permissionRef, action)
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrNoData) {
+			n.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch permissions", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef),
+				mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), mzap.PermissionRef(permissionRef),
+				mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		for _, permission := range policies {
+			if !policyAppliesToObject(permission.ObjectRef, objectRef) {
+				continue // Scoped to a different object; it says nothing about this one.
+			}
+
+			if permission.Effect.Effect == model.EffectDeny {
+				n.logger.Debug("Found denying policy", mzap.ObjRef("account", accountRef),
+					mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), mzap.PermissionRef(permissionRef),
+					mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+				return false, nil // Deny takes precedence immediately
+			}
+
+			if permission.Effect.Effect == model.EffectAllow {
+				n.logger.Debug("Allowing policy found", mzap.ObjRef("account", accountRef),
+					mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), mzap.PermissionRef(permissionRef),
+					mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+				allowFound = true // At least one allow found
+			} else {
+				n.logger.Warn("Corrupted policy", mzap.StorableRef(&permission))
+				return false, merrors.Internal("Corrupted action effect data for permissions entry " + permission.ID.Hex() + ": " + string(permission.Effect.Effect))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Final decision based on whether any allow was found
+	if allowFound {
+		return true, nil // At least one allow and no deny
+	}
+
+	n.logger.Debug("No allowing policy found", mzap.ObjRef("account", accountRef),
+		mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), mzap.PermissionRef(permissionRef),
+		mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+
+	return false, nil // No allow found, default deny
+}
+
+// EnforceBatch checks a user’s permission for multiple objects at once.
+// It returns a map from objectRef -> boolean indicating whether access is granted.
+func (n *Enforcer) EnforceBatch(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	objectRefs []model.PermissionBoundStorable,
+	accountRef bson.ObjectID,
+	action model.Action,
+) (map[bson.ObjectID]bool, error) {
+	results := make(map[bson.ObjectID]bool, len(objectRefs))
+
+	// Group objectRefs by organizationRef.
+	objectsByVenue := make(map[bson.ObjectID][]model.PermissionBoundStorable)
+	for _, obj := range objectRefs {
+		organizationRef := obj.GetOrganizationRef()
+		objectsByVenue[organizationRef] = append(objectsByVenue[organizationRef], obj)
+	}
+
+	// Process each venue group separately.
+	for organizationRef, objs := range objectsByVenue {
+		// 1. Fetch roles once for this account and venue.
+		roles, err := n.rdb.Roles(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrNoData) {
+				n.logger.Debug("No roles defined for account", zap.Error(err),
+					mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+				// With no roles, mark all objects in this venue as denied.
+				for _, obj := range objs {
+					results[*obj.GetID()] = false
+				}
+				// Continue to next venue
+				continue
+			}
+			n.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch roles", zap.Error(err),
+				mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// 2. Extract role description references
+		var roleRefs []bson.ObjectID
+		for _, role := range roles {
+			roleRefs = append(roleRefs, role.DescriptionRef)
+		}
+
+		// 3. Fetch all policies for these roles and the given action in one call.
+		allPolicies, err := n.pdb.PoliciesForRoles(ctx, roleRefs, action)
+		if err != nil {
+			n.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch policies", zap.Error(err))
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// 4. Build a lookup map keyed by PermissionRef.
+		policyMap := make(map[bson.ObjectID][]nstructures.PolicyAssignment)
+		for _, policy := range allPolicies {
+			policyMap[policy.DescriptionRef] = append(policyMap[policy.DescriptionRef], policy)
+		}
+
+		// 5. Evaluate permissions for each object in this venue group.
+		for _, obj := range objs {
+			permRef := obj.GetPermissionRef()
+			allow := false
+			if policies, ok := policyMap[permRef]; ok {
+				for _, policy := range policies {
+					if !policyAppliesToObject(policy.ObjectRef, *obj.GetID()) {
+						continue // Scoped to a different object.
+					}
+					// Deny takes precedence.
+					if policy.Effect.Effect == model.EffectDeny {
+						allow = false
+						break
+					}
+					if policy.Effect.Effect == model.EffectAllow {
+						allow = true
+						// Continue checking in case a deny exists among policies.
+					} else {
+						// should never get here
+						return nil, merrors.Internal("Corrupted permissions effect in policy assignment '" + policy.GetID().Hex() + "': " + string(policy.Effect.Effect))
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			results[*obj.GetID()] = allow
+		}
+	}
+
+	return results, nil
+}
+
+// GetRoles retrieves all roles assigned to the user within the domain.
+func (n *Enforcer) GetRoles(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, error) {
+	n.logger.Debug("Fetching roles for user", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+	ra, err := n.rdb.Roles(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+	if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrNoData) {
+		n.logger.Debug("No roles assigned to user", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+		return []model.Role{}, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		n.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch roles", zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	roles := make([]model.Role, len(ra))
+	for i, roleAssignement := range ra {
+		roles[i] = roleAssignement.Role
+	}
+
+	n.logger.Debug("Fetched roles", zap.Int("roles_count", len(roles)))
+	return roles, nil
+}
+
+func (n *Enforcer) Reload() error {
+	n.logger.Info("Policies reloaded") // do nothing actually
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetPermissions retrieves all effective policies for the user within the domain.
+func (n *Enforcer) GetPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, []model.Permission, error) {
+	n.logger.Debug("Fetching policies for user", mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+
+	roles, err := n.GetRoles(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		n.logger.Warn("Failed to get roles", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	uniquePermissions := make(map[bson.ObjectID]model.Permission)
+	for _, role := range roles {
+		perms, err := n.pdb.PoliciesForRole(ctx, role.DescriptionRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			n.logger.Warn("Failed to get policies for role", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", role.DescriptionRef))
+			continue
+		}
+		n.logger.Debug("Policies fetched for role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", role.DescriptionRef), zap.Int("count", len(perms)))
+		for _, p := range perms {
+			uniquePermissions[*p.GetID()] = model.Permission{
+				RolePolicy: model.RolePolicy{
+					Policy:             p.Policy,
+					RoleDescriptionRef: p.RoleRef,
+				},
+				AccountRef: accountRef,
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	permissionsSlice := make([]model.Permission, 0, len(uniquePermissions))
+	for _, permission := range uniquePermissions {
+		permissionsSlice = append(permissionsSlice, permission)
+	}
+
+	n.logger.Debug("Policies fetched successfully", zap.Int("count", len(permissionsSlice)))
+	return roles, permissionsSlice, nil
+}
+
+// policyAppliesToObject reports whether a policy governs the object being
+// checked. A policy without an object reference — nil or the zero value — is a
+// wildcard covering every object of its resource type. A policy naming a
+// specific object says nothing about any other one, so it is skipped rather
+// than counted: otherwise an allow on one object would leak onto its siblings,
+// and a deny on one object would block them.
+func policyAppliesToObject(policyObjectRef *bson.ObjectID, objectRef bson.ObjectID) bool {
+	if policyObjectRef == nil || policyObjectRef.IsZero() {
+		return true
+	}
+	return *policyObjectRef == objectRef
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/enforcer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	factory "git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger/factory"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// Mock implementations for testing
+type MockPoliciesDB struct {
+	mock.Mock
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) PoliciesForPermissionAction(ctx context.Context, roleRef, permissionRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, action)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) PoliciesForRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, roleRef)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) PoliciesForRoles(ctx context.Context, roleRefs []bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, roleRefs, action)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Policies(ctx context.Context, object model.PermissionBoundStorable, action model.Action) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, object, action)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Remove(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, policy)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+// Template DB methods - implement as needed for testing
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Create(ctx context.Context, assignment *nstructures.PolicyAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Get(ctx context.Context, id bson.ObjectID, assignment *nstructures.PolicyAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Update(ctx context.Context, assignment *nstructures.PolicyAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Patch(ctx context.Context, objectRef bson.ObjectID, patch builder.Patch) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, objectRef, patch)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Delete(ctx context.Context, id bson.ObjectID) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) DeleteMany(ctx context.Context, query builder.Query) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) ListPermissionBound(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) ListIDs(ctx context.Context, query interface{}) ([]bson.ObjectID, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query)
+	return args.Get(0).([]bson.ObjectID), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) FindOne(ctx context.Context, query builder.Query, assignment *nstructures.PolicyAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) List(ctx context.Context, query builder.Query) ([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) Name() string {
+	return "mock_policies"
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) DeleteCascade(ctx context.Context, id bson.ObjectID) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockPoliciesDB) InsertMany(ctx context.Context, objects []*nstructures.PolicyAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, objects)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+type MockRolesDB struct {
+	mock.Mock
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) Roles(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.RoleAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) RolesForVenue(ctx context.Context, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, organizationRef)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.RoleAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) RemoveRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef, organizationRef, accountRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, roleRef, organizationRef, accountRef)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) DeleteRole(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, roleRef)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+// Template DB methods - implement as needed for testing
+func (m *MockRolesDB) Create(ctx context.Context, assignment *nstructures.RoleAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) Get(ctx context.Context, id bson.ObjectID, assignment *nstructures.RoleAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) Update(ctx context.Context, assignment *nstructures.RoleAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) Patch(ctx context.Context, objectRef bson.ObjectID, patch builder.Patch) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, objectRef, patch)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) Delete(ctx context.Context, id bson.ObjectID) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) DeleteMany(ctx context.Context, query builder.Query) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) ListPermissionBound(ctx context.Context, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.RoleAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) ListIDs(ctx context.Context, query interface{}) ([]bson.ObjectID, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query)
+	return args.Get(0).([]bson.ObjectID), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) FindOne(ctx context.Context, query builder.Query, assignment *nstructures.RoleAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query, assignment)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) List(ctx context.Context, query builder.Query) ([]nstructures.RoleAssignment, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, query)
+	return args.Get(0).([]nstructures.RoleAssignment), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) Name() string {
+	return "mock_roles"
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) DeleteCascade(ctx context.Context, id bson.ObjectID) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (m *MockRolesDB) InsertMany(ctx context.Context, objects []*nstructures.RoleAssignment) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, objects)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+// Test helper functions
+func createTestObjectID() bson.ObjectID {
+	return bson.NewObjectID()
+}
+
+func createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) nstructures.RoleAssignment {
+	return nstructures.RoleAssignment{
+		Role: model.Role{
+			AccountRef:      accountRef,
+			DescriptionRef:  roleRef,
+			OrganizationRef: organizationRef,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef bson.ObjectID, effect model.Effect, organizationRef, descriptionRef bson.ObjectID, objectRef *bson.ObjectID) nstructures.PolicyAssignment {
+	return nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+		Policy: model.Policy{
+			OrganizationRef: organizationRef,
+			DescriptionRef:  descriptionRef,
+			ObjectRef:       objectRef,
+			Effect: model.ActionEffect{
+				Action: model.ActionRead,
+				Effect: effect,
+			},
+		},
+		RoleRef: roleRef,
+	}
+}
+
+func createTestEnforcer(pdb PoliciesDB, rdb RolesDB) *Enforcer {
+	logger := factory.NewLogger(true)
+	enforcer := &Enforcer{
+		logger: logger.Named("test"),
+		pdb:    pdb,
+		rdb:    rdb,
+	}
+	return enforcer
+}
+
+func TestEnforcer_Enforce(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test data
+	accountRef := createTestObjectID()
+	organizationRef := createTestObjectID()
+	permissionRef := createTestObjectID()
+	objectRef := createTestObjectID()
+	roleRef := createTestObjectID()
+
+	t.Run("Allow_SingleRole_SinglePolicy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock policy assignment with ALLOW effect
+		policyAssignment := createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectRef)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{policyAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Create enforcer
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, allowed)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Deny_SingleRole_SinglePolicy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock policy assignment with DENY effect
+		policyAssignment := createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectDeny, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectRef)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{policyAssignment}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("DenyTakesPrecedence_MultipleRoles", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		role1Ref := createTestObjectID()
+		role2Ref := createTestObjectID()
+
+		// Mock multiple role assignments
+		roleAssignment1 := createTestRoleAssignment(role1Ref, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		roleAssignment2 := createTestRoleAssignment(role2Ref, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment1, roleAssignment2}, nil)
+
+		// First role has ALLOW policy
+		allowPolicy := createTestPolicyAssignment(role1Ref, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectRef)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, role1Ref, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{allowPolicy}, nil)
+
+		// Second role has DENY policy - should take precedence
+		denyPolicy := createTestPolicyAssignment(role2Ref, model.EffectDeny, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectRef)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, role2Ref, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{denyPolicy}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify - DENY should take precedence
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NoRoles_ReturnsFalse", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock no roles found
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{}, merrors.ErrNoData)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("EmptyRoles_ReturnsError", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock empty roles list (not NoData error)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "No roles found for account")
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("DatabaseError_RolesDB", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock database error
+		dbError := merrors.Define("database connection failed")
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{}, dbError)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		assert.Equal(t, dbError, err)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("DatabaseError_PoliciesDB", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock database error in policies
+		dbError := merrors.Define("policies database error")
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{}, dbError)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		assert.Equal(t, dbError, err)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NoPolicies_ReturnsFalse", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock no policies found
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{}, merrors.ErrNoData)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("CorruptedPolicy_ReturnsError", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock corrupted policy with invalid effect
+		corruptedPolicy := createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, "invalid_effect", organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectRef)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{corruptedPolicy}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "Corrupted action effect data")
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+// Mock implementation for PermissionBoundStorable
+type MockPermissionBoundStorable struct {
+	id              bson.ObjectID
+	permissionRef   bson.ObjectID
+	organizationRef bson.ObjectID
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) GetID() *bson.ObjectID {
+	return &m.id
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) GetPermissionRef() bson.ObjectID {
+	return m.permissionRef
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) GetOrganizationRef() bson.ObjectID {
+	return m.organizationRef
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) Collection() string {
+	return "test_objects"
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) SetID(objID bson.ObjectID) {
+	m.id = objID
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) Update() {
+	// Do nothing for mock
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) SetPermissionRef(permissionRef bson.ObjectID) {
+	m.permissionRef = permissionRef
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) SetOrganizationRef(organizationRef bson.ObjectID) {
+	m.organizationRef = organizationRef
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) IsArchived() bool {
+	return false // Default to not archived for testing
+}
+
+func (m *MockPermissionBoundStorable) SetArchived(archived bool) {
+	// No-op for testing
+}
+
+func TestEnforcer_EnforceBatch(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test data
+	accountRef := createTestObjectID()
+	organizationRef := createTestObjectID()
+	permissionRef := createTestObjectID()
+	roleRef := createTestObjectID()
+
+	// Create test objects
+	object1 := &MockPermissionBoundStorable{
+		id:              createTestObjectID(),
+		permissionRef:   permissionRef,
+		organizationRef: organizationRef,
+	}
+	object2 := &MockPermissionBoundStorable{
+		id:              createTestObjectID(),
+		permissionRef:   permissionRef,
+		organizationRef: organizationRef,
+	}
+
+	t.Run("BatchEnforce_MultipleObjects_SameVenue", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock policy assignment with ALLOW effect
+		policyAssignment := createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, nil)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForRoles", ctx, []bson.ObjectID{roleRef}, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{policyAssignment}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute batch enforcement
+		objects := []model.PermissionBoundStorable{object1, object2}
+		results, err := enforcer.EnforceBatch(ctx, objects, accountRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, results, 2)
+		assert.True(t, results[object1.id])
+		assert.True(t, results[object2.id])
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("BatchEnforce_NoRoles_AllObjectsDenied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock no roles found
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{}, merrors.ErrNoData)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute batch enforcement
+		objects := []model.PermissionBoundStorable{object1, object2}
+		results, err := enforcer.EnforceBatch(ctx, objects, accountRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, results, 2)
+		assert.False(t, results[object1.id])
+		assert.False(t, results[object2.id])
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("BatchEnforce_DatabaseError", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock database error
+		dbError := merrors.Define("database connection failed")
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{}, dbError)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute batch enforcement
+		objects := []model.PermissionBoundStorable{object1, object2}
+		results, err := enforcer.EnforceBatch(ctx, objects, accountRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, results)
+		assert.Equal(t, dbError, err)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEnforcer_GetRoles(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test data
+	accountRef := createTestObjectID()
+	organizationRef := createTestObjectID()
+	roleRef := createTestObjectID()
+
+	t.Run("GetRoles_Success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		roles, err := enforcer.GetRoles(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, roles, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, roleRef, roles[0].DescriptionRef)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("GetRoles_NoRoles", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock no roles found
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{}, merrors.ErrNoData)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		roles, err := enforcer.GetRoles(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, roles, 0)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEnforcer_GetPermissions(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test data
+	accountRef := createTestObjectID()
+	organizationRef := createTestObjectID()
+	roleRef := createTestObjectID()
+
+	t.Run("GetPermissions_Success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock policy assignment
+		policyAssignment := createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, createTestObjectID(), nil)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForRole", ctx, roleRef).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{policyAssignment}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		roles, permissions, err := enforcer.GetPermissions(ctx, accountRef, organizationRef)
+
+		// Verify
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, roles, 1)
+		assert.Len(t, permissions, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, accountRef, permissions[0].AccountRef)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+// Security-focused test scenarios
+func TestEnforcer_SecurityScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test data
+	accountRef := createTestObjectID()
+	organizationRef := createTestObjectID()
+	permissionRef := createTestObjectID()
+	objectRef := createTestObjectID()
+	roleRef := createTestObjectID()
+
+	t.Run("Security_DenyAlwaysWins", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock role assignment
+		roleAssignment := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{roleAssignment}, nil)
+
+		// Mock multiple policies: both ALLOW and DENY
+		allowPolicy := createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectRef)
+		denyPolicy := createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectDeny, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectRef)
+		mockPDB.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return([]nstructures.PolicyAssignment{allowPolicy, denyPolicy}, nil)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify - DENY should always win
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+		mockPDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Security_InvalidObjectID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockPDB := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+		mockRDB := &MockRolesDB{}
+
+		// Mock database error for invalid ObjectID
+		dbError := merrors.Define("invalid ObjectID")
+		mockRDB.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{}, dbError)
+
+		enforcer := createTestEnforcer(mockPDB, mockRDB)
+
+		// Execute with invalid ObjectID
+		allowed, err := enforcer.Enforce(ctx, permissionRef, accountRef, organizationRef, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+
+		// Verify - should fail securely
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+		mockRDB.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+// Note: This test provides comprehensive coverage of the native enforcer including:
+// 1. Basic enforcement logic with deny-takes-precedence
+// 2. Batch operations for performance
+// 3. Role and permission retrieval
+// 4. Security scenarios and edge cases
+// 5. Error handling and database failures
+// 6. All critical security paths are tested

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/management"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/policy"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/role"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// NativeManager implements the auth.Manager interface by aggregating Role and Permission managers.
+type NativeManager struct {
+	logger      mlogger.Logger
+	roleManager management.Role
+	permManager management.Permission
+}
+
+// NewManager creates a new CasbinManager with specified domains and role-domain mappings.
+func NewManager(
+	l mlogger.Logger,
+	pdb policy.DB,
+	rdb role.DB,
+	enforcer *Enforcer,
+) (*NativeManager, error) {
+	logger := l.Named("manager")
+
+	var pdesc model.PolicyDescription
+	if err := pdb.GetBuiltInPolicy(context.Background(), "roles", &pdesc); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to fetch roles permission reference", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &NativeManager{
+		logger:      logger,
+		roleManager: NewRoleManager(logger, enforcer, pdesc.ID, rdb),
+		permManager: NewPermissionManager(logger, enforcer),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Permission returns the Permission manager.
+func (m *NativeManager) Permission() management.Permission {
+	return m.permManager
+}
+
+// Role returns the Role manager.
+func (m *NativeManager) Role() management.Role {
+	return m.roleManager
+}
+
+// TransactionalGrants reports that native grants are plain database writes:
+// they join the caller's transaction context and roll back with it.
+func (m *NativeManager) TransactionalGrants() bool {
+	return true
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures/policies.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package nstructures
+
+import (
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+type PolicyAssignment struct {
+	storable.Base `bson:",inline" json:",inline"`
+	model.Policy  `bson:"policy" json:"policy"`
+	RoleRef       bson.ObjectID `bson:"roleRef" json:"roleRef"`
+}
+
+func (*PolicyAssignment) Collection() string {
+	return "permission_assignments"
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures/role.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package nstructures
+
+import (
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+)
+
+type RoleAssignment struct {
+	storable.Base `bson:",inline" json:",inline"`
+	model.Role    `bson:"role" json:"role"`
+}
+
+func (*RoleAssignment) Collection() string {
+	return "role_assignments"
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/object_scope_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+func TestEnforcer_EnforceHonorsObjectScope(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	organizationRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	permissionRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	roleRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectA := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectB := bson.NewObjectID()
+	wildcard := bson.NilObjectID
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		policies   []nstructures.PolicyAssignment
+		objectRef  bson.ObjectID
+		wantAccess bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "matching object allow",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectA),
+			},
+			objectRef:  objectA,
+			wantAccess: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "different object does not inherit allow",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectA),
+			},
+			objectRef:  objectB,
+			wantAccess: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil object is wildcard",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, nil),
+			},
+			objectRef:  objectB,
+			wantAccess: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "zero object is wildcard",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &wildcard),
+			},
+			objectRef:  objectB,
+			wantAccess: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unrelated object deny does not override wildcard allow",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, nil),
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectDeny, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectA),
+			},
+			objectRef:  objectB,
+			wantAccess: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "matching object deny overrides wildcard allow",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, nil),
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectDeny, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectA),
+			},
+			objectRef:  objectA,
+			wantAccess: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wildcard deny overrides matching object allow",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectA),
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectDeny, organizationRef, permissionRef, nil),
+			},
+			objectRef:  objectA,
+			wantAccess: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			roles := &MockRolesDB{}
+			policies := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+			role := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+			roles.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{role}, nil)
+			policies.On("PoliciesForPermissionAction", ctx, roleRef, permissionRef, model.ActionRead).Return(test.policies, nil)
+
+			allowed, err := createTestEnforcer(policies, roles).Enforce(
+				ctx,
+				permissionRef,
+				accountRef,
+				organizationRef,
+				test.objectRef,
+				model.ActionRead,
+			)
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, test.wantAccess, allowed)
+			roles.AssertExpectations(t)
+			policies.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnforcer_EnforceBatchHonorsObjectScope(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	organizationRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	permissionRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	roleRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectA := &MockPermissionBoundStorable{
+		id:              bson.NewObjectID(),
+		permissionRef:   permissionRef,
+		organizationRef: organizationRef,
+	}
+	objectB := &MockPermissionBoundStorable{
+		id:              bson.NewObjectID(),
+		permissionRef:   permissionRef,
+		organizationRef: organizationRef,
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		policies []nstructures.PolicyAssignment
+		want     map[bson.ObjectID]bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "specific allow applies only to matching object",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectA.id),
+			},
+			want: map[bson.ObjectID]bool{objectA.id: true, objectB.id: false},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "specific deny affects only matching object",
+			policies: []nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectAllow, organizationRef, permissionRef, nil),
+				createTestPolicyAssignment(roleRef, model.EffectDeny, organizationRef, permissionRef, &objectA.id),
+			},
+			want: map[bson.ObjectID]bool{objectA.id: false, objectB.id: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			roles := &MockRolesDB{}
+			policies := &MockPoliciesDB{}
+			role := createTestRoleAssignment(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+			roles.On("Roles", ctx, accountRef, organizationRef).Return([]nstructures.RoleAssignment{role}, nil)
+			policies.On("PoliciesForRoles", ctx, []bson.ObjectID{roleRef}, model.ActionRead).Return(test.policies, nil)
+
+			result, err := createTestEnforcer(policies, roles).EnforceBatch(
+				ctx,
+				[]model.PermissionBoundStorable{objectA, objectB},
+				accountRef,
+				model.ActionRead,
+			)
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, test.want, result)
+			roles.AssertExpectations(t)
+			policies.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/permission.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// PermissionManager manages permissions using Casbin.
+type PermissionManager struct {
+	logger   mlogger.Logger
+	enforcer *Enforcer
+}
+
+// GrantToRole adds a permission to a role in Casbin.
+func (m *PermissionManager) GrantToRole(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error {
+	objRef := "any"
+	if (policy.ObjectRef != nil) && (*policy.ObjectRef != bson.NilObjectID) {
+		objRef = policy.ObjectRef.Hex()
+	}
+
+	m.logger.Debug("Granting permission to role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+		mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef), zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		zap.String("action", string(policy.Effect.Action)), zap.String("effect", string(policy.Effect.Effect)),
+	)
+
+	assignment := nstructures.PolicyAssignment{
+		Policy:  policy.Policy,
+		RoleRef: policy.RoleDescriptionRef,
+	}
+	if err := m.enforcer.pdb.Create(ctx, &assignment); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Warn("Failed to grant policy", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef), zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+			zap.String("action", string(policy.Effect.Action)), zap.String("effect", string(policy.Effect.Effect)))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RevokeFromRole removes a permission from a role in Casbin.
+func (m *PermissionManager) RevokeFromRole(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error {
+	objRef := "*"
+	if policy.ObjectRef != nil {
+		objRef = policy.ObjectRef.Hex()
+	}
+	m.logger.Debug("Revoking permission from role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+		mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef), zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+		zap.String("action", string(policy.Effect.Action)), zap.String("effect", string(policy.Effect.Effect)),
+	)
+	if err := m.enforcer.pdb.Remove(ctx, policy); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Warn("Failed to revoke policy", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", policy.RoleDescriptionRef),
+			mzap.PermissionRef(policy.DescriptionRef), zap.String("object_ref", objRef),
+			zap.String("action", string(policy.Effect.Action)), zap.String("effect", string(policy.Effect.Effect)))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetPolicies retrieves all policies for a specific role.
+func (m *PermissionManager) GetPolicies(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	roleRef bson.ObjectID,
+) ([]model.RolePolicy, error) {
+	m.logger.Debug("Fetching policies for role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+
+	assinments, err := m.enforcer.pdb.PoliciesForRole(ctx, roleRef)
+	if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrNoData) {
+		m.logger.Debug("No policies found", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return []model.RolePolicy{}, nil
+	}
+	policies := make([]model.RolePolicy, len(assinments))
+	for i, assinment := range assinments {
+		policies[i] = model.RolePolicy{
+			Policy:             assinment.Policy,
+			RoleDescriptionRef: assinment.RoleRef,
+		}
+	}
+	m.logger.Debug("Policies fetched successfully", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), zap.Int("count", len(policies)))
+	return policies, nil
+}
+
+// Save persists changes to the Casbin policy store.
+func (m *PermissionManager) Save() error {
+	m.logger.Info("Policies successfully saved") // do nothing
+	return nil
+}
+
+func NewPermissionManager(logger mlogger.Logger, enforcer *Enforcer) *PermissionManager {
+	return &PermissionManager{
+		logger:   logger.Named("permission"),
+		enforcer: enforcer,
+	}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/internal/native/role.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package native
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/internal/native/nstructures"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/role"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/storable"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// RoleManager manages roles using Casbin.
+type RoleManager struct {
+	logger            mlogger.Logger
+	enforcer          *Enforcer
+	rdb               role.DB
+	rolePermissionRef bson.ObjectID
+}
+
+// NewRoleManager creates a new RoleManager.
+func NewRoleManager(logger mlogger.Logger, enforcer *Enforcer, rolePermissionRef bson.ObjectID, rdb role.DB) *RoleManager {
+	return &RoleManager{
+		logger:            logger.Named("role"),
+		enforcer:          enforcer,
+		rdb:               rdb,
+		rolePermissionRef: rolePermissionRef,
+	}
+}
+
+// validateObjectIDs ensures that all provided ObjectIDs are non-zero.
+func (rm *RoleManager) validateObjectIDs(ids ...bson.ObjectID) error {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if id.IsZero() {
+			return merrors.InvalidArgument("Object references cannot be zero", "objectRef")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fetchRolesFromPolicies retrieves and converts policies to roles.
+func (rm *RoleManager) fetchRolesFromPolicies(roles []nstructures.RoleAssignment, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) []model.RoleDescription {
+	result := make([]model.RoleDescription, len(roles))
+	for i, role := range roles {
+		result[i] = model.RoleDescription{
+			Base:            storable.Base{ID: *role.GetID()},
+			OrganizationRef: organizationRef,
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Create creates a new role in an organization.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Create(ctx context.Context, organizationRef bson.ObjectID, description *model.Describable) (*model.RoleDescription, error) {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(organizationRef); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	role := &model.RoleDescription{
+		OrganizationRef: organizationRef,
+		Describable:     *description,
+	}
+	if err := rm.rdb.Create(ctx, role); err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to create role", zap.Error(err), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	rm.logger.Info("Role created successfully", mzap.StorableRef(role), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+	return role, nil
+}
+
+// Assign assigns a role to a user in the given organization.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Assign(ctx context.Context, role *model.Role) error {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(role.DescriptionRef, role.AccountRef, role.OrganizationRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	assogment := nstructures.RoleAssignment{Role: *role}
+	err := rm.enforcer.rdb.Create(ctx, &assogment)
+	return rm.logPolicyResult("assign", err == nil, err, role.DescriptionRef, role.AccountRef, role.OrganizationRef)
+}
+
+// Delete removes a role entirely and cleans up associated Casbin policies.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Delete(ctx context.Context, roleRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(roleRef); err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to delete role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := rm.rdb.Delete(ctx, roleRef); err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to delete role", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := rm.enforcer.rdb.DeleteRole(ctx, roleRef); err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to remove role", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	rm.logger.Info("Role deleted successfully along with associated policies", mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Revoke removes a role from a user.
+func (rm *RoleManager) Revoke(ctx context.Context, roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if err := rm.validateObjectIDs(roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err := rm.enforcer.rdb.RemoveRole(ctx, roleRef, organizationRef, accountRef)
+	return rm.logPolicyResult("revoke", err == nil, err, roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef)
+}
+
+// logPolicyResult logs results for Assign and Revoke.
+func (rm *RoleManager) logPolicyResult(action string, result bool, err error, roleRef, accountRef, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) error {
+	if err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to "+action+" role", zap.Error(err), mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+		return err
+	}
+	msg := "Role " + action + "ed successfully"
+	if !result {
+		msg = "Role already " + action + "ed"
+	}
+	rm.logger.Info(msg, mzap.ObjRef("role_ref", roleRef), mzap.AccRef(accountRef), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// List retrieves all roles in an organization or all roles if organizationRef is zero.
+func (rm *RoleManager) List(ctx context.Context, organizationRef bson.ObjectID) ([]model.RoleDescription, error) {
+	roles4Venues, err := rm.enforcer.rdb.RolesForVenue(ctx, organizationRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		rm.logger.Warn("Failed to fetch grouping policies", zap.Error(err), mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	roles := rm.fetchRolesFromPolicies(roles4Venues, organizationRef)
+	rm.logger.Info("Retrieved roles for organization", mzap.OrgRef(organizationRef), zap.Int("count", len(roles)))
+	return roles, nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/management/permission.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package management
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+type Permission interface {
+	// Grant a permission to a role with an optional object scope and specified effect.
+	// Use bson.NilObjectID for 'any' objectRef.
+	GrantToRole(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error
+
+	// Revoke a permission from a role with an optional object scope and specified effect.
+	// Use bson.NilObjectID for 'any' objectRef.
+	RevokeFromRole(ctx context.Context, policy *model.RolePolicy) error
+
+	// Retrieve all policies assigned to a specific role, including scope and effects.
+	GetPolicies(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		roleRef bson.ObjectID,
+	) ([]model.RolePolicy, error)
+
+	// Persist any changes made to permissions.
+	Save() error
+}

backend/pkg/auth/management/role.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package management
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+type Role interface {
+	// Create a new role in an organization (returns the created Role with its ID).
+	Create(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		orgRef bson.ObjectID,
+		description *model.Describable,
+	) (*model.RoleDescription, error)
+
+	// Delete a role entirely. This will cascade and remove all associated
+	Delete(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		roleRef bson.ObjectID,
+	) error
+
+	// Assign a role to a user in a specific organization.
+	Assign(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		role *model.Role,
+	) error
+
+	// Revoke a role from a user in a specific organization.
+	Revoke(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		roleRef, accountRef, orgRef bson.ObjectID,
+	) error
+
+	// List all roles in an organization or globally if orgRef is bson.NilObjectID.
+	List(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		orgRef bson.ObjectID,
+	) ([]model.RoleDescription, error)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/auth/management"
+)
+
+// Manager provides access to domain-aware Permission and Role managers.
+type Manager interface {
+	// Permission returns a manager that handles permission grants/revokes
+	// for a specific resource type. (You might add domainRef here if desired.)
+	Permission() management.Permission
+
+	// Role returns the domain-aware Role manager.
+	Role() management.Role
+}

backend/pkg/auth/patchguard.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/db/repository/builder"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// denyImmutablePatch returns ErrInvalidArg if patch touches any field whose
+// mutation would silently undermine future access decisions.
+func denyImmutablePatch(patch builder.Patch) error {
+	if patch == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, op := range patch.Build() {
+		fields, ok := op.Value.(bson.D)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, f := range fields {
+			if f.Key == "owner" || strings.HasPrefix(f.Key, "owner.") ||
+				f.Key == "organizationRef" || f.Key == "permissionRef" {
+				return merrors.InvalidArgumentf("patch field %q is immutable", f.Key)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/pkg/auth/provider.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+)
+
+type Provider interface {
+	Enforcer() Enforcer
+	Manager() Manager
+	GetPolicyDescription(ctx context.Context, resource mservice.Type) (*model.PolicyDescription, error)
+}

backend/pkg/auth/scoped.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// ScopedAccessParams bundles everything needed to authorize an action against a
+// resource that follows the personal-vs-org ownership model.
+//
+// It is deliberately a plain struct (not an interface over a model) so it works
+// both for locally-stored objects and for objects whose ownership is learned
+// from a downstream service response.
+type ScopedAccessParams struct {
+	// Service is the resource type, used only to build the access-denied error.
+	Service mservice.Type
+	// PolicyRef is the org policy consulted when the object is org-owned.
+	PolicyRef bson.ObjectID
+	// CallerRef is the subject taken from the auth token. Never from the request body.
+	CallerRef bson.ObjectID
+	// OrgRef is the organization the object belongs to. For org-owned objects
+	// caller membership in it is checked before policy enforcement. Personal
+	// objects are deliberately exempt from the membership check so the owner
+	// keeps access after leaving the organization; membership for personal
+	// objects is enforced once, at create time (see ScopedDBImp.Create).
+	OrgRef bson.ObjectID
+	// ObjectRef is the concrete object being accessed. Passing it enables
+	// object-level checks in the Enforcer; use bson.NilObjectID for scope-only.
+	ObjectRef bson.ObjectID
+	// OwnerKind / OwnerRef describe the object's actual ownership, read FROM the
+	// object — not derived from the request.
+	OwnerKind model.OwnerKind
+	OwnerRef  bson.ObjectID
+	// Action is the operation being authorized.
+	Action model.Action
+}
+
+// enforceOwnershipAccess decides access based on ownership and policy only.
+// It does NOT check organization membership — the caller must verify membership
+// before invoking this. Use ScopedAuthorizer.Authorize for the full
+// membership-aware access check.
+//
+//   - personal (OwnerKindAccount): allowed iff OwnerRef == CallerRef.
+//   - org (OwnerKindOrganization): allowed iff the Enforcer grants Action within OrgRef.
+//   - anything else: denied by default.
+func enforceOwnershipAccess(ctx context.Context, enf Enforcer, p ScopedAccessParams) error {
+	switch p.OwnerKind {
+	case model.OwnerKindAccount:
+		if p.OwnerRef == p.CallerRef {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(p.Service, string(p.Action), p.ObjectRef)
+
+	case model.OwnerKindOrganization:
+		ok, err := enf.Enforce(ctx, p.PolicyRef, p.CallerRef, p.OrgRef, p.ObjectRef, p.Action)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			return merrors.AccessDenied(p.Service, string(p.Action), p.ObjectRef)
+		}
+		return nil
+
+	default:
+		return merrors.AccessDenied(p.Service, string(p.Action), p.ObjectRef)
+	}
+}

backend/pkg/auth/scoped_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+)
+
+// fakeEnforcer records the last call and returns canned results, so the scoped
+// access rules can be exercised without a real policy backend.
+type fakeEnforcer struct {
+	allow  bool
+	err    error
+	called bool
+
+	gotPolicyRef bson.ObjectID
+	gotAccount   bson.ObjectID
+	gotOrg       bson.ObjectID
+	gotObject    bson.ObjectID
+	gotAction    model.Action
+}
+
+func (f *fakeEnforcer) Enforce(_ context.Context, permissionRef, accountRef, orgRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) (bool, error) {
+	f.called = true
+	f.gotPolicyRef, f.gotAccount, f.gotOrg, f.gotObject, f.gotAction = permissionRef, accountRef, orgRef, objectRef, action
+	return f.allow, f.err
+}
+
+func (f *fakeEnforcer) EnforceBatch(context.Context, []model.PermissionBoundStorable, bson.ObjectID, model.Action) (map[bson.ObjectID]bool, error) {
+	return map[bson.ObjectID]bool{}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeEnforcer) GetRoles(context.Context, bson.ObjectID, bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeEnforcer) GetPermissions(context.Context, bson.ObjectID, bson.ObjectID) ([]model.Role, []model.Permission, error) {
+	return nil, nil, nil
+}
+
+func TestEnforceOwnershipAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	other := bson.NewObjectID()
+	org := bson.NewObjectID()
+	object := bson.NewObjectID()
+	policy := bson.NewObjectID()
+
+	base := func(kind model.OwnerKind, owner bson.ObjectID) ScopedAccessParams {
+		return ScopedAccessParams{
+			Service:   mservice.Recipients,
+			PolicyRef: policy,
+			CallerRef: caller,
+			OrgRef:    org,
+			ObjectRef: object,
+			OwnerKind: kind,
+			OwnerRef:  owner,
+			Action:    model.ActionRead,
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("personal owner is allowed without policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+		if err := enforceOwnershipAccess(context.Background(), enf, base(model.OwnerKindAccount, caller)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected allow, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if enf.called {
+			t.Fatal("personal access must not consult the enforcer")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("personal non-owner is denied without policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+		err := enforceOwnershipAccess(context.Background(), enf, base(model.OwnerKindAccount, other))
+		if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if enf.called {
+			t.Fatal("personal access must not consult the enforcer")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("org owner consults policy and passes object ref", func(t *testing.T) {
+		enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+		if err := enforceOwnershipAccess(context.Background(), enf, base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected allow, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if !enf.called {
+			t.Fatal("org access must consult the enforcer")
+		}
+		if enf.gotObject != object || enf.gotOrg != org || enf.gotAccount != caller || enf.gotPolicyRef != policy {
+			t.Fatalf("enforcer received unexpected args: %+v", enf)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("org owner denied when policy refuses", func(t *testing.T) {
+		enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: false}
+		err := enforceOwnershipAccess(context.Background(), enf, base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org))
+		if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("org policy error is propagated, not masked as denial", func(t *testing.T) {
+		boom := merrors.Define("backend down")
+		enf := &fakeEnforcer{err: boom}
+		err := enforceOwnershipAccess(context.Background(), enf, base(model.OwnerKindOrganization, org))
+		if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected underlying error, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatal("internal error must not be reported as access denied")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown owner kind is denied by default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+		err := enforceOwnershipAccess(context.Background(), enf, base(model.OwnerKind("garbage"), caller))
+		if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if enf.called {
+			t.Fatal("unknown kind must not consult the enforcer")
+		}
+	})
+}

backend/pkg/auth/scopeddb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mlogger"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mutil/mzap"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// ownerLoader is the minimal DB contract that ScopedDB needs: fetch a resource
+// by ID and populate the caller-supplied result. *template.DBImp[T] satisfies
+// this interface without any adapter code.
+type ownerLoader[T any] interface {
+	Get(ctx context.Context, objectRef bson.ObjectID, result T) error
+}
+
+// ScopedDB[T] provides loadAndEnforce semantics for resources that implement
+// model.OwnerBound. It loads the resource from the database (so ownership is
+// always read from the authoritative source, never from request fields) and
+// then delegates access control to ScopedAuthorizer, which checks membership
+// before ownership/policy enforcement.
+//
+// Use ProtectedDB for resources that carry no ownerKind/ownerRef and rely
+// solely on org-level policy checks.
+type ScopedDB[T model.OwnerBound] struct {
+	// DB is the raw repository accessor. *template.DBImp[T] satisfies this.
+	DB ownerLoader[T]
+	// Logger receives Debug/Warn messages from the enforcement path.
+	Logger mlogger.Logger
+	// Authorizer performs the full membership-aware access check.
+	Authorizer *ScopedAuthorizer
+	// OrgPolicyRef is the built-in policy checked when ownerKind==organization.
+	OrgPolicyRef bson.ObjectID
+	// Collection identifies the resource type in access-denied errors and logs.
+	Collection mservice.Type
+	// New allocates a zero-value T ready to be filled by DB.Get.
+	New func() T
+}
+
+// NewScopedDB constructs a ScopedDB and validates required dependencies.
+// Logger defaults to zap.NewNop() if nil.
+func NewScopedDB[T model.OwnerBound](
+	db ownerLoader[T],
+	authorizer *ScopedAuthorizer,
+	orgPolicyRef bson.ObjectID,
+	collection mservice.Type,
+	newFn func() T,
+	logger mlogger.Logger,
+) *ScopedDB[T] {
+	if db == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedDB: DB must not be nil")
+	}
+	if authorizer == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedDB: Authorizer must not be nil")
+	}
+	if newFn == nil {
+		panic("auth.NewScopedDB: New must not be nil")
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = zap.NewNop()
+	}
+	return &ScopedDB[T]{
+		DB:           db,
+		Logger:       logger,
+		Authorizer:   authorizer,
+		OrgPolicyRef: orgPolicyRef,
+		Collection:   collection,
+		New:          newFn,
+	}
+}
+
+// LoadAndEnforce fetches the resource identified by objectRef, reads the
+// ownerKind and ownerRef fields from the database record, and enforces access
+// via ScopedAuthorizer (membership check → ownership/policy check). It never
+// trusts ownership data from the caller.
+//
+// Logging contract:
+//   - Debug on access-check start and after ownership is loaded from DB.
+//   - Debug when access is denied (ErrAccessDenied) — intentional, not an error.
+//   - Warn when the Enforcer itself returns a non-nil error (unexpected failure).
+//   - No log on success.
+func (s *ScopedDB[T]) LoadAndEnforce(ctx context.Context, callerRef, objectRef bson.ObjectID, action model.Action) (T, error) {
+	var zero T
+
+	s.Logger.Debug("access check started",
+		mzap.AccRef(callerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+		zap.String("collection", s.Collection), zap.String("action", string(action)))
+
+	obj := s.New()
+	if err := s.DB.Get(ctx, objectRef, obj); err != nil {
+		return zero, err
+	}
+
+	s.Logger.Debug("ownership loaded from db",
+		mzap.AccRef(callerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+		zap.String("ownerKind", string(obj.GetOwnerKind())))
+
+	err := s.Authorizer.Authorize(ctx, ScopedAccessParams{
+		Service:   s.Collection,
+		PolicyRef: s.OrgPolicyRef,
+		CallerRef: callerRef,
+		OrgRef:    obj.GetOrganizationRef(),
+		ObjectRef: objectRef,
+		OwnerKind: obj.GetOwnerKind(),
+		OwnerRef:  obj.GetOwnerRef(),
+		Action:    action,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		return obj, nil
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		s.Logger.Debug("access denied",
+			mzap.AccRef(callerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+			zap.String("ownerKind", string(obj.GetOwnerKind())),
+			zap.String("action", string(action)))
+	} else {
+		s.Logger.Warn("enforcer returned error during scoped access check",
+			zap.Error(err), mzap.AccRef(callerRef), mzap.ObjRef("object_ref", objectRef),
+			zap.String("action", string(action)))
+	}
+	return zero, err
+}

backend/pkg/auth/scopeddb_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/merrors"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/model"
+	"git.sendico.io/tech/sxchnge/bff/pkg/mservice"
+	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2/bson"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// testOwned is a minimal model.OwnerBound used exclusively by ScopedDB tests.
+type testOwned struct {
+	id       bson.ObjectID
+	orgRef   bson.ObjectID
+	kind     model.OwnerKind
+	ownerRef bson.ObjectID
+}
+
+func (o *testOwned) GetID() *bson.ObjectID                { return &o.id }
+func (o *testOwned) SetID(id bson.ObjectID)               { o.id = id }
+func (o *testOwned) Update()                              {}
+func (o *testOwned) Collection() string                   { return "test_owned" }
+func (o *testOwned) GetOrganizationRef() bson.ObjectID    { return o.orgRef }
+func (o *testOwned) SetOrganizationRef(ref bson.ObjectID) { o.orgRef = ref }
+func (o *testOwned) GetOwnerKind() model.OwnerKind        { return o.kind }
+func (o *testOwned) GetOwnerRef() bson.ObjectID           { return o.ownerRef }
+
+var _ model.OwnerBound = (*testOwned)(nil)
+
+// fakeOwnerLoader returns the pre-built object or the configured error.
+type fakeOwnerLoader struct {
+	obj *testOwned
+	err error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeOwnerLoader) Get(_ context.Context, _ bson.ObjectID, result *testOwned) error {
+	if f.err != nil {
+		return f.err
+	}
+	*result = *f.obj
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fakeMembership controls whether IsMember returns true/false/error.
+type fakeMembership struct {
+	member bool
+	err    error
+	called bool
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMembership) IsMember(_ context.Context, _, _ bson.ObjectID) (bool, error) {
+	f.called = true
+	return f.member, f.err
+}
+
+func newTestScopedDB(loader *fakeOwnerLoader, membership *fakeMembership, enf Enforcer) *ScopedDB[*testOwned] {
+	authorizer := &ScopedAuthorizer{
+		Logger:     zap.NewNop(),
+		Membership: membership,
+		Enforcer:   enf,
+	}
+	return &ScopedDB[*testOwned]{
+		DB:           loader,
+		Logger:       zap.NewNop(),
+		Authorizer:   authorizer,
+		OrgPolicyRef: bson.NewObjectID(),
+		Collection:   mservice.Type("test_owned"),
+		New:          func() *testOwned { return &testOwned{} },
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDB_PersonalOwner_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	obj := &testOwned{
+		id:       objectRef,
+		orgRef:   bson.NewObjectID(),
+		kind:     model.OwnerKindAccount,
+		ownerRef: caller, // owner == caller
+	}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{obj: obj}, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	result, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), caller, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allow, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil result on success")
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("personal access must not consult the enforcer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDB_PersonalOwner_Denied(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	other := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	obj := &testOwned{
+		id:       objectRef,
+		orgRef:   bson.NewObjectID(),
+		kind:     model.OwnerKindAccount,
+		ownerRef: other, // owner != caller
+	}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{obj: obj}, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	_, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), caller, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("personal access must not consult the enforcer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDB_OrgOwner_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	obj := &testOwned{
+		id:       objectRef,
+		orgRef:   orgRef,
+		kind:     model.OwnerKindOrganization,
+		ownerRef: orgRef,
+	}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true}
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{obj: obj}, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	result, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), caller, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allow, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil result on success")
+	}
+	if !enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("org access must consult the enforcer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDB_OrgOwner_Denied(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	obj := &testOwned{
+		id:       objectRef,
+		orgRef:   orgRef,
+		kind:     model.OwnerKindOrganization,
+		ownerRef: orgRef,
+	}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: false}
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{obj: obj}, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	_, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), caller, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("org access must consult the enforcer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDB_OrgOwner_EnforcerError_Propagated(t *testing.T) {
+	boom := merrors.Define("enforcer backend down")
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	obj := &testOwned{
+		id:       objectRef,
+		orgRef:   orgRef,
+		kind:     model.OwnerKindOrganization,
+		ownerRef: orgRef,
+	}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{err: boom}
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{obj: obj}, &fakeMembership{member: true}, enf)
+
+	_, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), caller, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected underlying error propagated, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatal("enforcer internal error must not be masked as access denied")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScopedDB_DBError_Propagated(t *testing.T) {
+	dbErr := merrors.Define("mongo unavailable")
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{err: dbErr}, &fakeMembership{member: true}, &fakeEnforcer{})
+
+	_, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), bson.NewObjectID(), bson.NewObjectID(), model.ActionRead)
+	if !errors.Is(err, dbErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected DB error propagated, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestScopedDB_PersonalOwner_NonMember_Denied is the main regression case:
+// even when ownerRef == callerRef, a non-member of the organization must be
+// denied before ownership is checked, so the tenant boundary is enforced.
+// TestScopedDB_PersonalOwner_NonMember_Allowed: personal resource, caller is the
+// owner but is NOT a member of the org. Membership is not consulted for
+// account-owned resources — ownership alone is sufficient.
+func TestScopedDB_PersonalOwner_NonMember_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	obj := &testOwned{
+		id:       objectRef,
+		orgRef:   bson.NewObjectID(),
+		kind:     model.OwnerKindAccount,
+		ownerRef: caller, // owner == caller, membership is irrelevant
+	}
+	membership := &fakeMembership{member: false}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{}
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{obj: obj}, membership, enf)
+
+	result, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), caller, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allow for personal resource owner regardless of membership, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil result on success")
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("enforcer must not be called for account-owned resource")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestScopedDB_OrgOwner_NonMember_Denied: org-owned object, caller is not a
+// member — must be denied before the policy enforcer is consulted.
+func TestScopedDB_OrgOwner_NonMember_Denied(t *testing.T) {
+	caller := bson.NewObjectID()
+	orgRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	objectRef := bson.NewObjectID()
+	obj := &testOwned{
+		id:       objectRef,
+		orgRef:   orgRef,
+		kind:     model.OwnerKindOrganization,
+		ownerRef: orgRef,
+	}
+	membership := &fakeMembership{member: false}
+	enf := &fakeEnforcer{allow: true} // would allow if reached
+	db := newTestScopedDB(&fakeOwnerLoader{obj: obj}, membership, enf)
+
+	_, err := db.LoadAndEnforce(context.Background(), caller, objectRef, model.ActionRead)
+	if !errors.Is(err, merrors.ErrAccessDenied) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access denied for non-member org-owned object, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if enf.called {
+		t.Fatal("enforcer must not be called when membership check fails")
+	}
+}